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- From: higgins@fnalf.fnal.gov (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Past Venerian landers (was Re: Next unmanned missions to Venus *)
- Date: 25 Jan 93 20:31:00 -0600
- Organization: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- Lines: 61
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.203100.1@fnalf.fnal.gov>
- References: <1993Jan24.063904.27492@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: fnalf.fnal.gov
-
- In article <1993Jan24.063904.27492@mnemosyne.cs.du.edu>, rkornilo@nyx.cs.du.edu (Ryan Korniloff) writes:
- > Hmmm, well, I guess if we were to make any kind of serious exploration of
- > Venus's surface we would have to develop electronics componants that
- > operate comforably at 900f. And metals that can protect the inards of the
- > probe from terrential sulfuric acid down-poors..
- > How WOULD we do that by the way? Anyone know??
-
- Someone should point out to Ryan that it's been done, repeatedly.
- From the FAQ (thanks to the invaluable Larry Klaes):
-
- SOVIET VENUS PROBES
-
- VENERA 3 - Attempt to place a lander capsule on Venusian surface.
- Transmissions ceased just before encounter and entire probe
- became the first craft to impact on another planet in 1966.
- VENERA 4 - First probe to successfully return data while descending
- through Venusian atmosphere. Crushed by air pressure before
- reaching surface in 1967. VENERA 5 and 6 mission profiles
- similar in 1969.
- VENERA 7 - First probe to return data from the surface of another planet
- in 1970. VENERA 8 accomplished a more detailed mission in
- 1972.
- VENERA 9 - Sent first image of Venusian surface in 1975. Was also the
- first probe to orbit Venus. VENERA 10 accomplished similar
- mission.
- VENERA 13 - Returned first color images of Venusian surface in 1982.
- VENERA 14 accomplished similar mission.
- VENERA 15 - Accomplished radar mapping with VENERA 16 of sections of
- planet's surface in 1983 more detailed than PVO.
- VEGA 1 - Accomplished with VEGA 2 first balloon probes of Venusian
- atmosphere in 1985, including two landers. Flyby buses went on
- to become first spacecraft to study Comet Halley close-up in
- March of 1986.
-
- US PLANETARY MISSIONS
-
- PIONEER Venus 1 (1978) (also known as PIONEER Venus Orbiter, or PIONEER
- 12) burned up in the Venusian atmosphere on October 8, 1992. PVO made
- the first radar studies of the planet's surface via probe. PIONEER Venus
- 2 (also known as PIONEER 13) sent four small probes into the atmosphere
- in December of 1978. The main spacecraft bus burned up high in the
- atmosphere, while the four probes descended by parachute towards the
- surface. Though none were expected to survive to the surface, the Day
- probe did make it and transmitted for 67.5 minutes on the ground before
- its batteries failed.
-
- =========
-
- Mind you, it's not *easy* to keep equipment working on the surface of
- Venus, and all these gadgets failed after a short time (like hours).
- But they were successful in learning a lot about conditions there. In
- particular, I believe the Soviets designed their landers with good
- insulation and tried to keep them cool for as long as possible. I
- don't think sulfuric acid is a real problem with proper choice of
- materials.
-
- Kepler: "Did you know that Tycho, | Bill Higgins, Beam Jockey
- my boss, had an artificial nose?" | Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
- Galileo: "An artificial nose! | Bitnet: HIGGINS@FNAL.BITNET
- How did he smell?" | Internet: HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV
- Kepler: "Terrible!" | SPAN/Hepnet: 43011::HIGGINS
-