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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!csc.ti.com!tilde.csc.ti.com!mksol!blanton
- From: blanton@mksol.dseg.ti.com (John F Blanton)
- Subject: Re: satellite orbits
- Message-ID: <1993Jan25.230101.24370@mksol.dseg.ti.com>
- Organization: Texas Instruments, Inc
- References: <376oXB3w165w@netlink.cts.com>
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 23:01:01 GMT
- Lines: 41
-
- Forgive me for responding to this one without reading all of the
- perfectly good responses that are sure to follow, but this is one
- of my favorite topics.
-
- The question should not be, "What keeps a satellite in orbit?" but
- rather, "What could possible make a satellite hit the earth?"
-
- Remember, a satellite is started out in a straight line, not headed
- toward the earth (hopefully). It should just keep on going, and
- never strike the surface of the earth. Bad news: gravity warps
- the path of the satellite, causing the path to bend, possibly,
- around the earth. If the satellite is going fast enough, gravity
- (the attraction between the satellite and the earth) will not be
- sufficient to bend the path back tight enough, and the "satellite"
- will not be a satellite at all, but will head on out, getting forever
- further from the earth. If the initial speed of the satellite is
- not fast enough, then its path will loop around the earth's center
- and close on itself, forming an ellipse in space. If the ellipse
- just happens to intersect the earth's surface (satellite was not
- going fast enough initially, or the initial direction was not
- favorable or both), then the satellite will strike the earth's
- surface, and it will be said to have "fallen to earth" (what
- usually happens in these cases is atmospheric heating eats satellites
- alive before they have a chance to strike the solid surface of the
- earth).
-
- For my own use, "centrifugal force" is an impractical concept (except
- in describing explosions and electric repulsion and such). For the
- case of a satellite, draw a free body diagram. Gravity acts on the
- satellite in a direction toward the center of the earth. If there
- were a "centrifugal force" holding the satellite up it would cancel
- out gravity, and the satellite would show no net acceleration toward
- the center of the earth. It would go in a straight line and would
- not orbit the earth.
-
- So strongly did I feel about that concept that in 1963 I transferred
- out of the Aerospace Engineering department at UT Austin when I
- encountered an instructor (a straight A graduate student) espousing
- the idea that centrifugal forces keep satellites up.
-
- blanton@lobby.ti.com
-