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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!gatech!usenet.ins.cwru.edu!agate!dog.ee.lbl.gov!hellgate.utah.edu!lanl!beta.lanl.gov!u108502
- From: u108502@beta.lanl.gov (Andrew Poutiatine)
- Subject: Re: satellite orbits
- Message-ID: <1993Jan21.213632.3246@newshost.lanl.gov>
- Sender: news@newshost.lanl.gov
- Organization: Los Alamos National Laboratory
- References: <376oXB3w165w@netlink.cts.com>
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 21:36:32 GMT
- Lines: 53
-
- In article <376oXB3w165w@netlink.cts.com> bigbro@netlink.cts.com (Kenneth Sullivan) writes:
- >Quick easy question, this is mostly to settle an arguement
- >
- >a.)what keeps a satellite in orbit
- >and
- >b.)just how wrong is the idea of centrifugal/centripidal "force"?
- >thanks
- >
- >--
- >INTERNET: bigbro@netlink.cts.com (Kenneth Sullivan)
- >UUCP: ...!ryptyde!netlink!bigbro
- >NetLink Online Communications * Public Access in San Diego, CA (619) 453-1115
-
- First, what keeps the satellite in orbit is its obeying Newtons laws (this is
- of course not the entire truth, but for our purposes close enough). At any
- instant, for an ideal orbit, the satellite is moving with a velocity that is
- tangent to its orbit, and the gravitational force acting on it is subjecting
- it to a free fall. The only problem is, that for a stable orbit, the
- satellite keeps effectively missing the Earth, because it has a velocity. It
- is constantly falling, but the Earth seems to be constantly moving out from
- under the satellite.
-
- This is about as simplistic an explaination as I can conjure up. It is all,
- of course described very neatly by Newtonian Kinetics, and more accurately
- by Relativity.
-
- If the satellite is moving too slowly initially to maintain a stable orbit,
- then it falls, speeding up, until a stable orbit is maintained, unless of
- course it enters the atmosphere or hits the ground or something.
-
- The gravitational force is toward the Earth, and is hence a centripital force.
- In this simple example there is no centrifugal force. It is a common
- misconception since as we swing a ball on a string around our heads we can
- feel a force pulling on the string, right? Well, yes and no. In fact our
- hand does feel a centrifugal force form the string, which is balanced by our
- hand exerting a centripital force on the string in return. There is nothing
- pulling the ball away from the hand, no other strings, nothing, and thus it
- is wrong to say that the ball has a centrifugal force acting on it.
-
- The real question to ask is this: what stops the satellite from moving in
- a straight line, doing its first-law thing, and leaving the earth forever?
- The answer is gravity. What keeps the satellite from coming crashing to
- Earth? Answer: it keeps falling, but moves fast enough _tangentially_ so
- that it keeps missing the earth.
-
- Lastly, imagine throwing a baseball, with no air on earth to worry about. It
- goes 50 or so yards and hits the ground. Now what if you throw it harder, so
- that by the time it has fallen a few feet, it is hundreds of miles away, and
- the curvature of the Earth has caused the ground to have fallen a few feet
- also? You now have an orbit.
-
- -AIP
-
-