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- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!news.cerf.net!nic.cerf.net!jcbhrb
- From: jcbhrb@nic.cerf.net (Jacob Hirbawi)
- Newsgroups: sci.math
- Subject: RE: Fundamental Tilings of the Plane
- Date: 22 Jan 1993 02:53:52 GMT
- Organization: CERFnet Dial n' CERF Customer Group
- Lines: 63
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- Message-ID: <1jnnk0INN637@news.cerf.net>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: nic.cerf.net
-
- In <C186HE.LC2.2@cs.cmu.edu> jmount+@CS.CMU.EDU (John Mount) writes:
-
- > I was thinking about the 5 different types of crystallographic groups
- > (a crystallographic group is a subgroup G of the group of orientation
- > preserving isometries of the plane- such that there exists P, a
- > connected compact subset of the plane called a tile, such that G the
- > images of P under the action of G on the plane cover the plane exactly
- > once (except on a set of measure zero), two groups are of the same
- > type if they are conjugate) and their fundamental tilings (tiles such
- > that for h,g in G:
- > interior(h(P)) intersect interior(g(P)) nonempty -> h = g).
-
- The usual definition of crystallographic groups leads to 17 equivalence
- classes for the case of a 2 dimensional space. If you restrict attention
- to orientation preserving ones, that is if you only allow rotations and
- proper translations, then I suppose you do end up with the five groups:
- P1,P2,P3,P4, and P6 which have cyclic point groups.
-
- > I was wondering how many generators were required to present these
- > groups. For four of these group I could find two generator
- > presentations of the groups- for the last I have not been able to find
- > such a presentation.
- >
- > Then representatives of the five group types are:
- >
- > [ 1 0 1 ] [ 1 0 0 ]
- > a = [ 0 1 0 ] b = [ 0 1 1 ]
- > [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ]
- >
- > [ 1 0 1 ] [ 0 1 0 ]
- > a = [ 0 1 0 ] b = [ -1 0 0 ]
- > [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ]
- >
- > [ 1 0 1 ] [ 1/2 sqrt(3)/2 0 ]
- > a = [ 0 1 0 ] b = [ -sqrt(3)/2 1/2 0 ]
- > [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ]
- >
- > [ 1 0 1 ] [ -1/2 sqrt(3)/2 0 ]
- > a = [ 0 1 0 ] b = [ -sqrt(3)/2 -1/2 0 ]
- > [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ]
-
- Looking at the generators these look like P1,P4,P6, and P3 repectively:
-
- > and the one I don't know a 2 generator presentation for
- >
- > [ 1 0 2 ] [ 1 0 0 ] [ -1 0 0 ]
- > a = [ 0 1 0 ] b = [ 0 1 1 ] c = [ 0 -1 0 ]
- > [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ] [ 0 0 1 ]
-
- This would have to be P2. Coxeter and Moser's "Generators and Relations for
- Discrete Groups" has a section on the presentations of all crystallographic
- groups in two dimensions. I don't have the book with me but I have copied
- several presentations from it for each group into my notes; and sure enough
- for P2 none of these has fewer than three generators!. My guess is that if
- Coxter and Moser could not come up with a two generator definition then it
- *probably* doesn't exist -- please excuse the appeal to authority here but
- I did emphasize "probably" din't I ;-) . Incidentally that section includes
- several 2 generator presentations for the other four groups in your list.
-
- Hope this helps!
-
- Jacob Hirbawi
- JcbHrb@CERF.net
-