home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!noc.near.net!hri.com!ukma!memstvx1!connolly
- From: connolly@memstvx1.memst.edu
- Newsgroups: sci.lang
- Subject: Subject and object confusion (Was: Re: "n'ha"...)
- Message-ID: <1993Jan21.101921.5122@memstvx1.memst.edu>
- Date: 21 Jan 93 16:19:21 GMT
- References: <adamsd.725590369@crash.cts.com> <4490003@hpcc01.corp.hp.com> <1993Jan21.052233.17711@trl.oz.au>
- Organization: Memphis State University
- Lines: 45
-
- In article <1993Jan21.052233.17711@trl.oz.au>, jbm@hal.trl.OZ.AU (Jacques Guy) writes:
-
- [Stuff omitted]
-
- > Breton has
- > a very strange phonology, by the way, and, if I read correctly
- > between the lines of Pierre Trepoz's Grammaire Bretonne, stranger
- > points of grammar: in certain types of phrases, you cannot distinguish
- > between subject and object. The only other language I know of that
- > does that, and is famous for it, is Lisu, spoken somwhere in Nepal,
- > is memory serves..
-
- This shortcoming is hardly peculiar. *Many* languages lose the ability
- to distinguish subject and object in certain situations. Here's a
- German example:
-
- Das ist die Frau, die meine Grossmutter ermordet hat.
- 'That is the woman who killed my grandmother.'
- 'That is the woman whom my grandmother killed.'
-
- Word order cannot be used to disambiguate this sort of relative clause,
- since with the relative clause-initial and the verb clause-final,
- there's nothing left but _meine Grossmutter_, whose grammatical func-
- tion (and continued existence) are in doubt.
-
- Strangely, Germans rarely notice the ambiguity. If asked to translate
- such a sentence, they will produce a translation and swear it is correct,
- but about half will kill off the grandmother, the other half the other
- woman.
-
- Pragmatically, of course, such a sentence is uttered only in contexts
- where speaker and hearer both know who was done in.
-
- By the way, aren't there some French constructions where it's unclear
- whether a noun following an infinitive is an object or subject? I
- could add another German example of a different type:
-
- Wir lassen ihn nicht operieren.
- 'We won't let him operate.'
- 'We won't let him be operated on.'
-
- Here it is unclear whether accuasative _ihn_ is the object or the natural
- subject of the infinitive _operieren_.
-
- --Leo Connolly
-