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- From: alanm@hpindda.cup.hp.com (Alan McGowen)
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 1993 21:18:57 GMT
- Subject: Re: Temperate zone habitat loss
- Message-ID: <149180374@hpindda.cup.hp.com>
- Organization: HP Information Networks, Cupertino, CA
- Path: sparky!uunet!ftpbox!news.acns.nwu.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!saimiri.primate.wisc.edu!sdd.hp.com!hpscit.sc.hp.com!hplextra!hpcss01!hpindda!alanm
- Newsgroups: sci.environment
- References: <149180223@hpindda.cup.hp.com>
- Lines: 43
-
- Andrew Taylor writes:
-
- >Geographic barriers are a key factor in speciation. Man-made habitat
- >fragmentation could well increase speciation rates although you'd have
- >consider its effects on genetic diversity too. I'm not sure how well
- >speciation is understood. There is plenty of debate about it.
-
- Sticking pretty much to the mainstream view, the selection factors during
- speciation are: local biotic selection factors and local climatic selection
- factors. The genetic factors are the founder effect (a small sample effect
- which means that a founder population need not be "typical" of the parent
- population), and also the adaptive potential of the founder population --
- i.e. its polymorphism.
-
- By decreasing *species* diversity and *spatial* diversity (including loss
- of ecosystem types) humans are reducing the differences between biotic
- selection factors at neighboring locales (and sometimes also climatic
- selection factors when these are byproducts of organisms). I.e. this
- reduces the chance that a founder population will be subject to unique
- selection pressures.
-
- By decreasing population sizes, humans are decreasing the pool of genetic
- diversity from which founder populations can be formed, which in turn
- means decreasing the potential difference between founder populations.
-
- Humans are also in many cases decreasing the number of actual founder
- populations being formed. This occurs when e.g. fragmentation reduces the
- chances of colonization as habitat patches of a given type increase in mean
- distance from each other. Since very many tiny colonies undoubtedly fail
- for each one that speciates, a lowered (persistent) rate of formation of
- small colonies should also reduce speciation. Note that an increased rate
- of formation of small colonies will not often help if it is part of an
- overall reduction of numbers of the parent population towards eventual
- extinction, as this increased rate will not persist.
-
- Qualitatively, then, it seems very likely that humans are reducing the
- speciation rate. Very little quantitative work has been done on this
- subject as compared to work done on extinction rates, in part because we
- have many more opportunities to observe extinctions than we do to observe
- speciations.
-
- ------------
- Alan McGowen
-