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- Newsgroups: sci.chem
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!udel!darwin.sura.net!europa.asd.contel.com!emory!rsiatl!jgd
- From: jgd@dixie.com (John De Armond)
- Subject: Re: Brehmstrehhlung X-rays
- Message-ID: <9gbs-qg@dixie.com>
- Date: Mon, 25 Jan 93 19:14:59 GMT
- Organization: Dixie Communications Public Access. The Mouth of the South.
- References: <C1Dz9t.AF7@cscns.com>
- Lines: 97
-
- bbaker@cscns.com (Brian Baker) writes:
-
-
- >Ok, I chalk this post up to too many people in the biotech business
- >not knowing enuff chemistry.... (sarcastic joke, no offense meant!)
-
- >I just graduated with a BS in Biochemistry, got my first job in
- >Denver doing RFLP for paternity analysis and trying to perfect a
- >non-isotopic method of doing genomic Southern blots.
-
- >Anyway, a couple of the guys in the lab are doing dot blots in attempts to
- >detect CMV virus and do HLA typing. They started with 5 millicuries of
- >32-p (now they're up to 10 or 15). They're working behind 1/2" plexiglass,
- >which is sufficient to
- >block all betas coming from the source. However, one guy took the geiger
- >counter in front of the screen and noticed a few thousand counts. I
- >told him it was somthing along the lines of X-rays coming from the plexi-
- >glass.
-
- >The way I understand this is:
-
- > 1) The X-rays are caused by betas being deflected by lead
- > in the plexiglass, which causes a rapid change in velocity
- > and a subsequent X-ray
-
- > 2) These X-rays are of low energy (compared to X-rays you get
- > at the hospital) and the extinction coefficient is only
- > a few feet or so
-
- > 3) 5 millicuries, which is a large amount of 32-p, will not
- > generate enuff X-rays from plexiglass to be concerned about,
- > certainly .5 mCi behind 1/2" plexiglass is safe
-
- >Oh yeah...this same person claims X-rays to be 'ionizing radiation'
- >Now I had a pretty good Nuclear/Radiochemistry class and I certainly
- >don't remember X-rays being classified as ionizing radiation. This person
- >also claims X-rays and Gamma rays to be "almost" the same.
-
- Brian, this is not a flame so please don't take it as such. If anyone
- in the nuclear industry had run a radio chemlab like that, everyone involved
- would be thrown in jail. That is some of the sloppiest radiation
- safety I've heard about in years.
-
- Your assumptions above are essentially correct. Bremsstrahlung radiation
- (literally "braking radiation") is generated when a high energy particle
- is stopped rapidly. The energy and thus the dose per absorbed event,
- is dependent on both the beta energy and the Z of the absorber. High
- Z materials generate more radiation and thus should not be used around
- beta. To be getting any significant Bremsstrahlung from plexiglass
- (normally only very low Z elements), it must be lead-loaded plexiglass.
- This is exactly the WRONG shield to use in a high energy beta environment.
- A LOW Z absorber should be the shield. If you need to see the experiment
- (obviously) and the beta emitter is near enough to high Z materials
- such as metal lab equipment, the proper shield is something low Z such
- as normal plexiglass backed by lead-loaded plexiglass. The normal
- plexiglass absorbs the betas with minimal Bremsstrahlung and the lead
- loaded plexiglass behind it absorbs any Bremsstrahlung from surrounding
- materials.
-
- As far as the degree of hazard, you should not have to be
- guessing, having a BRH person speculating or anything else like
- that. That hazard should have been quantified by your
- radiation safety officer. You are supposed to have on hand
- dosimetery and survey equipment suitable for the isotopes
- involved. You should be wearing personal dosimetry with a beta
- screen. You should also have available to you a low energy ion
- chamber survey meter calibrated in mR/hr. A geiger counter will
- not do. The reason is the GM counter equally counts an event
- for each radiation particle regardless of the energy of the
- particle. Since the dose delivered is proportional to energy,
- you have no indication of the dose, only events per unit time
- That many GM counters also have a scale "calibrated" in mR/hr is
- unfortunate. That calibration only holds at one energy point. Typically
- these things are calibrated for a degraded gamma spectrum seen in
- nuclear facilities and around aged fallout which tends to center around
- 650 kev. No good at all for your purposes since the Bremsstrahlung
- and/or fluorsence X-rays from the lead are probably in the <100
- kev range.
-
- You should have been trained in basic radiological health which, for
- nuclear power radiation workers, involves a 2-3 day course. You
- should also have a resident radiation safety officer (RSO) knowledgable in
- these matters and who assures your experimental techniques are
- radiologically safe.
-
- My educated *guess* is that the dose you are receiving is minimal, given the
- conditions you described. However, please don't rely on opinion. Inquire of
- your RSO of you have one and insist on there being one if you don't.
-
- John
- (a health-physicist in another life)
- --
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