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- From: rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu (Mickey Rowe)
- Newsgroups: sci.bio
- Subject: Re: "Falling" Asleep
- Message-ID: <106066@netnews.upenn.edu>
- Date: 21 Jan 93 21:35:53 GMT
- References: <C0vq3w.9GF@iat.holonet.net> <C137I6.6Fy@iat.holonet.net>
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- Organization: University of Pennsylvania
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-
- In article <C137I6.6Fy@iat.holonet.net> ken@iat.holonet.net
- (Ken Easlon) writes:
-
- >This brings up the complicating factor of "correct orientation with respect
- >to the head". I maintain that in waking consciousness, if the image is not
- >viewed as being a feature of the earthly environment, we tend to orient it
- >with respect to the head regardless of the orientation of the head.
-
- I think we could really use the input of some astronauts here...
- Under most circumstances our brains keep track of our position and
- orientation with respect to the ground or floor, so there aren't many
- situations in which we can view things independent of the features of
- the environment.
-
- >On the other hand, if we perceive the scene to be a part of the
- >gravitationally oriented environment, then we make an extra effort to keep
- >the scene oriented properly with respect to gravity, and perceive our head
- >to be at an angle.
-
- I'm not sure why I didn't think of bringing this in before, but there
- is a set of experiments that you might find interesting wrt this
- subject. I can't remember the name of the person who did it, but he
- was at one time a student of George Gerstein's, so I could find out
- pretty easily. In any case, the experiment was aimed at demonstrating
- how we use some sort of efferents copy in the conversion of visual
- information from an eye centered coordinate system to a head or body
- centered coordinate system.
-
- This is how the experiment was performed. A human subject was
- strapped (lying on his back) to a table which could be rotated to
- pitch the head up or down. During the experiment the room lights were
- turned off, and the subject fixated on a small LED positioned such
- that the subject had to hold his extraocular muscles in tension to
- maintain fixation. Under the supervision of an anesthesiologist, the
- subject was curarized. Curare blocks transmission at the
- neuromuscular junction, so the patient had to be respirated and had
- little ability to communicate anything during the experiment. The
- point of the curare (and the experiment) was that in order to hold the
- eyes fixated on the target, the signals from the oculomotor neurons
- had to continually increase to offset the effects of the curare
- (otherwise the eyes would drift back to their neutral position).
-
- What the subject experienced during this experiment was that the
- target drifted further and further away from straight ahead position
- even though in fact the target was stationary. The interpretation is
- that the subject's brain used the oculomotor signal to determine the
- position of the eyes in the orbit, and hence the direction of gaze and
- the position of the target. One would guess that our brain similarly
- keeps track of a lot of information about head and body position in
- determining the orientation of any visual scene. Since one of the
- defining features of REM sleep is the chaotic (though, I think,
- primarily horizontal) eye movements, I'd guess that dream "imagery" is
- disconnected from this apparatus.
-
- >In my dream experience, vertical alignment (standing up) is the predominant
- >mode. It seems to take a special kind of energy or stress to disorient my
- >dream imagery to off-vertical.
-
- Last night I had a dream where I was on a beach. Part of the time I
- was reclining on the sand, part of the time I was floating on my
- stomach, and part of the time I was swimming on my back. This isn't
- uncommon for me.
-
- >Go to sleep upside down, and then see if the world
- >looks upside down during the first fraction of a second after you wake up
- >:-)
-
- Aw, if only I were Batman :-)
-
- But seriously, since we're back to a public forum, does *anybody* else
- understand what it means to say that your "dream" head and your real
- head are lined up? My dreams don't seem to exist in the same space as
- my waking life, which is why I've lost track of what this is supposed
- to mean...
-
- >Ken Easlon
-
- Mickey Rowe (rowe@pender.ee.upenn.edu)
-