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- Newsgroups: sci.aeronautics
- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!agate!ames!news.dfrf.nasa.gov!rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov!bowers
- From: bowers@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov (Al Bowers)
- Subject: Re: Aerodynamic centers of various airfoils
- In-Reply-To: mkfeil@bcrki9.bnr.ca's message of Wed, 20 Jan 93 23:24:39 GMT
- Message-ID: <BOWERS.93Jan21113416@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov>
- Sender: news@news.dfrf.nasa.gov (Usenet news)
- Organization: NASA Dryden, Edwards, Cal.
- References: <1993Jan20.200017.11567@news.arc.nasa.gov>
- <1993Jan20.232439.14173@bmerh85.bnr.ca>
- Distribution: sci.aeronautics
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 19:34:20 GMT
- Lines: 45
-
- In article <1993Jan20.232439.14173@bmerh85.bnr.ca> mkfeil@bcrki9.bnr.ca (Max Feil) writes:
-
- >As I understand it, the aerodynamic center of all airfoils is very
- >close to the 25% chord point when operated subsonically. My question
- >is: Just how far does it vary for the different kinds of airfoil
- >sections, eg. conventional; flat (sometimes used for fins/stabs);
- >reflexed; laminar flow (high point at 50%); etc.
-
- I believe that this is a result of lifting lione theory, that the AC
- will always be at 25% chord.
-
- >As an example, in data I have the a.c. of NACA 2412 ranges between
- >23.9% and 24.7% at reynold's numbers between 3.1E6 and 8.9E6 (this is
- >a semi-symmetrical airfoil). All the other airfoil's that I have data
- >for are also within a percent or two of 25%, but none of these are
- >exotic.
-
- Even the more exotic airfoils (eg. supercriticals, GAWs, Eppler,
- Wortman, Liebeck, Drela types, etc) behave in this way. I think as
- long as you maintain reasonably attached flow on the airfoil, it
- should hold. If you do something stupid, like a cusp on the trailing
- edge that is so strong that it never attaches the flow, then I'd
- expect it to not be well behaved.
-
- >Another question: In supersonic flow the a.c. is at 50% chord, as a
- >result of (as I understand it) fairly equivalent shock wave effects at
- >the leading and trailing edge. How far does this vary among airfoils?
- >What does the transition (trans-sonic) area look like when comparing
- >the a.c.'s of different airfoils?
-
- I think this is explained by Busemann's theory. And in most of the
- cases I have seen, it behaves very close to the theory as well. This
- was the idea behind unstable aircraft.
-
- If you make the CG farther back so that the aircraft has a negative
- static margin subsonically, then supersonically, the static margin
- will be less positive than if you has a subsonically stable aircraft.
- This should reduce your transonic trim drag and give better supersonic
- performance. Unfortunately, you also incur problems with high alpha
- recovery and trim drag at subsonic conditions.
-
- --
- Al Bowers bowers@rigel.dfrf.nasa.gov
- NASA F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle, Lead Aero
- NASA, Dryden Flight Research Facility, Edwards, California
-