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- Newsgroups: rec.woodworking
- Path: sparky!uunet!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!sdd.hp.com!col.hp.com!fc.hp.com!scot
- From: scot@fc.hp.com (Scot Heath)
- Subject: Re: Electric motor brakes?
- Sender: news@fc.hp.com (news daemon)
- Message-ID: <C17oIz.Irq@fc.hp.com>
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 16:01:47 GMT
- Distribution: na
- References: <4154@ecicrl.ocunix.on.ca>
- Organization: Hewlett-Packard Fort Collins Site
- X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1.8 PL6]
- Lines: 51
-
- Chris Lewis (clewis@ferret.ocunix.on.ca) wrote:
-
- : Universal motors can be stopped dead by the simple expedient of
- : shorting together the motor leads (after disconnecting from the
- : power!). This can be done in a brute-force way by using a 1pdt
- : switch. Common terminal attached to one lead of the motor.
- : One terminal goes to power, and the other goes to the other motor
- : wire. Though, turning it off could be rather violent, so you might
- : want to try a centre-off switch, and/or a power resistor in series
- : with the shorting terminal to ease the braking action. You'll need
- : heavy duty motor-rated switches for this - the current surge is
- : NASTY.
- :
- : There was a construction article about this MANY years ago in Mechanics
- : Illustrated (or some such). It does work. But the design, if I
- : remember rightly, was intended for lighter motors like hand drills.
- :
- : Might work with induction motors too.
- :
- : [The reason it works is then when you switch a motor off it acts
- : as a generator while it winds down. If you "load" this generator,
- : more force is required to turn the armature. Shorting the generator
- : represents a very large load, and the motor stops VERY quickly.
- : If you put a resistor in that's roughly the same value as the
- : motor's operating impedance, it'll stop in same amount of time (within
- : a factor of two or three) that it takes to start.]
- :
-
- This is all sort of true. A permanent magnet motor will behave as
- described. To act as a generator, a field needs to be present and while
- there will be some residual magnetism in the rotor/stator of a universal
- motor, the amount is much smaller than when line voltage is applied and is
- also an undetermined quantity since the motor is switched off at who knows
- where in the current waveform.
-
- Induction motors are somewhat a different story but not much. They
- essentially have their rotor leads shorted all the time so the amount of
- residual magnetism in the stator has some effet on them as is but shorting
- the leads together would cause a small amount more torque to stop the
- motor.
-
- All this stuff is time dependant. If you were to instantaneously
- disconnect the line from an induction motor and short its leads, it would
- have big torque slowing it down while the current decayed. Big motors have
- been damaged by power company fast reclosures (a device which opens to clear a
- momentary fault and then closes again) since under load, the induction
- motor slows down quickly but has plenty of residual current in the rotor.
- When line voltage is re-applied, the motor exerts lots and lots of torque to
- speed back up, has resulted in broken shafts.
-
- -Scot
-