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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!csd4.csd.uwm.edu!radcliff
- From: radcliff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu (David G Radcliffe)
- Newsgroups: rec.puzzles
- Subject: Re: Are you sure?
- Date: 26 Jan 1993 23:19:39 GMT
- Organization: UW-Milwaukee Math Department
- Lines: 33
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- Message-ID: <1k4gubINNpac@uwm.edu>
- References: <1993Jan22.131719.36@janus.arc.ab.ca>
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-
- Sean Morgan (morgan@arc.ab.ca) wrote:
- : You meet the daughter of a friend of yours on the street. You know that your
- : friend has two children. You think to yourself, "Ignoring the occurrence of
- : twins, and sex-linked differences in birth rates and infant mortality,what are
- : the odds of this girl's sibling also being a girl?"
-
- Suppose there are just four families. Each family has two children.
- One family has two boys, a second has two girls, and the other two
- have one of each. Denote these families as BB, GG, BG, and GB.
-
- There are four girls, and two of them have sisters. If you pick
- one of the girls at random, then the probability is 1/2 that she
- has a sister.
-
- Now suppose you pick one of the mothers at random. You ask her if
- she has at least one daughter, and she says that she does. The probability
- that both of her children are daughters is 1/3.
-
- Do you see why the answers are different? The woman must belong to
- GG, GB, or BG; each of these cases are equally likely. The girl must
- also be a member of GG, GB, or BG; but GG is twice as likely as the
- other two cases.
-
- Let us consider another situation. Suppose you wish to find the
- average family size in a community. If you pick children at random
- and record the number of members of their families, then large families
- will be overrepresented. You would get a more accurate result if
- you pick mothers at random. (I have ignored certain sociological
- realities here, of course.)
-
- --
- David Radcliffe
- radcliff@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
-