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- Path: sparky!uunet!peregrine!questrel!chris
- From: chris@questrel.com (Chris Cole)
- Newsgroups: rec.puzzles
- Subject: Re: No subject
- Message-ID: <1993Jan27.181649.926@questrel.com>
- Date: 27 Jan 93 18:16:49 GMT
- References: <1993Jan26.143630.1@skaro.demon.co.uk>
- Organization: Questrel, Inc.
- Lines: 104
-
- In article <1993Jan26.143630.1@skaro.demon.co.uk> richard@skaro.demon.co.uk (Richard Develyn) writes:
- >Probability puzzle
- >This puzzle sounds similar to the two children one discussed here
- >already but I've never heard a satisfactory explanation:
- >
- >You and two other people (call them B and C) are locked, in separate
- >cells, in a prison. You are told that two of you are to be executed.
- >So you calculate your chances of survival to be 1 in 3.
- >
- >The gaoler wanders round and you say to him that, since clearly at
- >least one of the two other chaps is going to die, he wouldn't be
- >giving anything away by telling you which one. He does - say B. Now,
- >amazingly, you calculate your chances of survival as 1 in 2 since it
- >is clear that either C or you will be the other victim.
- >
- >So, you think to yourself, you fooled the gaoler. His information was
- >(somehow) able to improve your chances of survival. Then you wake up
- >and realise that you never had that conversation at all. However, you
- >pretend that you do have this conversation. Whichever other prisoner
- >he tells you is for the chop your chances are still 1 in 2. So in fact
- >your chances of survival were 1 in 2 all along ...
- >
- >Errrmmmm.
- >
-
- This question is in the rec.puzzles Archive.
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- From the Archive, the answer is:
- ********
- decision/prisoners.p
- ********
- Three prisoners on death row are told that one of them has been chosen
- at random for execution the next day, but the other two are to be
- freed. One privately begs the warden to at least tell him the name of
- one other prisoner who will be freed. The warden relents: 'Susie will
- go free.' Horrified, the first prisoner says that because he is now
- one of only two remaining prisoners at risk, his chances of execution
- have risen from one-third to one-half! Should the warden have kept his
- mouth shut?
-
-
- ********
- decision/prisoners.s
- ********
- Each prisoner had an equal chance of being the one chosen to be
- executed. So we have three cases:
-
- Prisoner executed: A B C
- Probability of this case: 1/3 1/3 1/3
-
- Now, if A is to be executed, the warden will randomly choose either B or C,
- and tell A that name. When B or C is the one to be executed, there is only
- one prisoner other than A who will not be executed, and the warden will always
- give that name. So now we have:
-
- Prisoner executed: A A B C
- Name given to A: B C C B
- Probability: 1/6 1/6 1/3 1/3
-
- We can calculate all this without knowing the warden's answer.
- When he tells us B will not be executed, we eliminate the middle two
- choices above. Now, among the two remaining cases, C is twice
- as likely as A to be the one executed. Thus, the probability that
- A will be executed is still 1/3, and C's chances are 2/3.
-