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- From: kanad@quip.eecs.umich.edu (Kanad Chakraborty)
- Subject: Re: Are you sure?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan26.204422.15093@zip.eecs.umich.edu>
- Sender: news@zip.eecs.umich.edu (Mr. News)
- Organization: University of Michigan EECS Dept., Ann Arbor
- References: <1993Jan22.131719.36@janus.arc.ab.ca> <6670016@hplsla.hp.com>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 20:44:22 GMT
- Lines: 44
-
- In article <6670016@hplsla.hp.com> barryg@hplsla.hp.com (Barry Gunn) writes:
- >>>You meet the daughter of a friend of yours on the street. You know that your
- >>>friend has two children. You think to yourself, "Ignoring the occurrence of
- >>>twins, and sex-linked differences in birth rates and infant mortality, what
- >>are
- >>>the odds of this girl's sibling also being a girl?"
- >>>-----------------+-------------------------------
- >>Two child families are uniformly distributed between MM,MF,FF,FM, in birth
- >>order. Again, all four possibilities are equally likely. Stop here. Make
- >>sure you believe that.
- >>
- >>Now, since at least one is F, the MM drops out, leaving MF, FF, FM, so that
- >>there is only a one third chance that the sibling is a girl.
- >
- >But you meet the F on the street. So MF and FM are the same in this case
- >(but not the way the problem is usually stated). I say 50%.
-
- I disagree. I made this mistake once myself and promptly realized the flaw.
- Why don't you consider this metaphor : you have these teeming
- billions of sibling-pairs in the Earth (yeah, I mean all continents,
- islands, places hitherto undiscovered or unknown, etc. etc. taken
- together ad nauseam :-) ) ? Now, it's quite easily seen that FF
- pairs comprise only 25 % of _this_ population (assuming that the
- birth events of a pair of siblings are independent, thereby precluding
- identical twins, etc.). 50 % of this population will comprise MF
- sibling pairs, and the remaining 25 %, MM pairs.
-
- Now, you the witness of one of a pair of siblings, are a Martian
- and have just floated down on the earth from Mars on a spaceship,
- on a special invitation from Presidents Clinton and Yeltsin,
- and see one female member of a pair of siblings, who has been sent
- by her Dad to receive you. You have had numerous inter-planetary
- conversations with her Dad (mostly on new and exciting ways of
- proving that P equals NP :-) ), and know that he has two children,
- but you've never asked him their sexes. Now without any other info,
- it's a fair assumption that you'll encounter sibling pairs on the Earth
- in proportion to their relative frequencies of occurrence. Hence,
- the female sibling you encounter is twice as likely to be a part of a
- mixed sex pair than of an FF pair. Hence, the other sibling being a
- female has probability 1/3.
-
- Hope it helps.
-
- Kanad
-