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- Newsgroups: rec.puzzles
- Path: sparky!uunet!stanford.edu!Csli!hiraga
- From: hiraga@Csli.Stanford.EDU (Yuzuru Hiraga)
- Subject: Re: "map" of USA
- Message-ID: <1993Jan26.061643.18482@Csli.Stanford.EDU>
- Organization: Stanford University CSLI
- References: <19692.2b617217@ecs.umass.edu>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 06:16:43 GMT
- Lines: 38
-
- In article <19692.2b617217@ecs.umass.edu> padmanab@ecs.umass.edu writes:
- >Suppose you have two maps of USA of different
- >scales. Now you place the smaller map inside
- >the bigger map such that it falls completely
- >within it.
- >
- >Condider each point on the map to be a distinct
- >city!!
- >
- >QUESTION: Are there any city/cities on the
- >smaller map which will coincide with the
- >city/cities on the bigger map? If so why?
-
- Let's not be taken by the words "USA" and "city",
- as some people got worried about.
-
- The fixed point theorem says that every contracting projection
- has a fixed point (i.e. f(x)=x), so that's it (need a proof? :-)
-
- A simple way to see this in our present case (not a rigorous proof) is:
- First suppose both maps are on the XY plane with same orientation,
- i.e. no rotation in the XY plane is applied.
- Then move the smaller map along the Z axis in parallel.
- If we connect the corresponding points in both maps, the connecting
- lines will converge at a single point. Among those lines, there will
- be one which is the shortest, which happens to be perpendicular
- to the XY plane (i.e. the corresponding points have the same (x,y) coordinate).
-
- For the general case, note that any positioning of the small map
- can be obtained by transposition, and rotation around a single point.
- Take this point to be the fixed point above (this can be alwas done
- in combination with the proper transposition).
- Applying rotation will leave the fixed point intact, though none of the
- others will become another fixed point.
- Incidentally, this shows that there is one and only one "city" that
- coincides.
-
- -Yuzuru Hiraga
-