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- Path: sparky!uunet!olivea!pagesat!netsys!ukma!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!rich
- From: jb00@lehigh.edu (JOSE ANTONIO BASTO)
- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Subject: The Timorese, predator or ecologist?
- Message-ID: <1993Jan22.203613.8610@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Date: 22 Jan 93 20:36:13 GMT
- Sender: news@mont.cs.missouri.edu
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Organization: Lehigh University
- Lines: 102
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Originator: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
-
- III.1 - The Timorese, predator or ecologist?
-
- Synopsis of the presentation by Dr. Francisco Xavier de
- Menezes
-
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
- PART-III
-
- 2nd SEMINAR ON EAST TIMOR, PORTO UNIVERSITY, PORTUGAL, 1990
-
- "EAST-TIMOR, LAND OF HOPE"
-
- III - CULTURAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL NOTES,
- SOCIAL AND POLITICAL STRUCTURES OF THE
- TIMORESE NATION
- ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
-
- "Following a critical and analytical process of the oral traditions I
- have tried, during my participatory stay of more than 16 years
- [1955 - 1971] in Timor, to learn and understand the ancestral
- system of soil protection, environment as well as of people and
- wealth.
-
- "Apart from the community based human resources as vigilantes,
- militias, patrolmen, whose utilization seems to be more recent than
- the Portuguese administration, it has been noticed that people often
- relied upon magical-religious protective norms of noticeable
- practical efficiency (...).
-
- "LULIK is a major nucleus, working simultaneously as a motivator
- and inhibitor of those protective practices (...).
-
- "The Timorese believe in a force or vital principle, whose identity
- is often mistaken by the soul of live people or spirits, be it the
- predecessors or the nature. This vital force can take on superlative
- aspects, becoming a mysterious and occult power, that needs to be
- captivated or dominated since it presides over its bodily destiny.
-
- "An obvious and clear distinction surfaces from that power. For the
- Timorese such distinction wavers between the beneficial, protective
- or even disciplining power and the maleficent and destructive side
- of
- it. The first considers the occult as venerable, almost sacred when
- the word 'lulik' is mentioned (...)"
-
- The latter essentially maleficent, destructive and disintegrating is
- called 'buank' or 'suank'.
-
- "One of the typical propriety protection by magic-religious means
- is through "Hrok" or objects like cutlasses, tree branches, ropes,
- etc., after they were hung on a fence or a tree, after some rituals to
- capture 'lulik' so that it would become the chosen object, thus
- protecting such land against robbers and intruders, afraid that the
- cutlass would chop them off or their souls, or that the tree branches
- would castigate them, or that the rope would tie them up.(...)
-
- "Certain rites would guarantee protection against soil and forest
- erosion and the land control that was attained by considering some
- bush zones as "lulik." (...)
-
- "This conceptualizing of "lulik" is a disciplinary force that in the
- past helped regulate the distribution of foodstuffs, helped against
- promiscuity during parties and rituals and the defence of property
- (...).
-
- "There is no doubt, once we appreciate the traditional East Timorese
- agricultural methods, that there were in place self-controlling mechanisms
- able to keep the socioeconomic standards and the balance between man and
- soil resources. The Timorese, contrary to some rushed analysis and writings
- imply, was not a predator, and apart from some excesses was an authentic
- ecologist.
-
- "Time does not stop. The lack of agricultural treatment, the
- vigilance methods using forest rangers and surveillance have
- progressively replaced traditional methods, with the subsequent
- reduction of importance of the 'lulik' concept as a socioeconomic
- disciplinarian, has brought disastrous results in forest and soil
- protection (...).
-
- "The socioeconomic balance and the soil degradation in East Timor
- are aggravating through this war of usage and devastation, as
- followed by the guerrillas, opposing an invader and occupier who
- does not mind looting, and indiscriminately burning with napalm
- bombs and fire throwers all areas.
-
- "The indiscriminate exploitation of soil riches by rubber, coffee and
- clover plantations, together with the introduction of the so called
- 'cash-crops' as cinnamon, pepper and tea. The sandal exploitation and
- export of sandalwood, forbidden by the Portuguese since the last
- century and even more strictly after the 20's has reached 560
- tonnes in 1982, which is in excess of any output during the last two
- centuries". This of course came to an abrupt halt shortly after.
- [end]
-
- --
- ******************
- *
- * "Tudo o que e', assenta em tudo o que foi."
- * Ano'nimo
- *
- * Jose' Barros BASTO; Address:11,Duh Dr Apt 222; BETHLEHEM, PA 18015-3732
- * Phone :(215)758-1846; Office:(215)758-4640; FAX:(215)758-4886 U.S.A.
-