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- Newsgroups: misc.activism.progressive
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!asuvax!ukma!mont!pencil.cs.missouri.edu!rich
- From: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu (Rich Winkel)
- Subject: Brazil: Slavery making a comeback
- Message-ID: <1993Jan21.064358.17040@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
- Followup-To: alt.activism.d
- Originator: rich@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
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- Nntp-Posting-Host: pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Organization: PACH
- Date: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 06:43:58 GMT
- Approved: map@pencil.cs.missouri.edu
- Lines: 145
-
- /** reg.samerica: 363.0 **/
- ** Topic: IPS:BRASIL-Slavery still exists **
- ** Written 12:38 pm Jan 16, 1993 by jbinder in cdp:reg.samerica **
- From: James Binder <jbinder>
- Subject: IPS:BRASIL-Slavery still exists
-
- Copyright Inter Press Service 1993, all rights reserved. Permission to re-
- print within 7 days of original date only with permission from 'newsdesk'.
-
- Title: BRAZIL: A CENTURY AFTER ABOLITION, SLAVERY STILL EXISTS
-
- an inter press service feature
-
- by ricardo de bittencourt
-
- rio de janeiro, jan 9 (ips) -- condemned and abolished around the
- globe over a century ago, slavery is making a surreptitious
- comeback throughout brazil's poor rural countryside.
-
- formally banned in brazil in 1889, traditional slavery -- with
- some cosmetic changes and twentieth century innovations -- has
- resurfaced, according to a denunciation from the brazilian
- catholic church's pastoral commission for the earth (pce).
-
- according to a report presented this week by pce president
- monsenor augusto rocha, at least 14,000 workers live in
- conditions of semi- or total slavery throughout the country.
-
- however, this number could be far below the actual figure.
-
- a study conducted by sociologist jose de souza martins, of sao
- paulo university, showed that in the past 20 years over 60,000
- brazilians were subjected to forced labour.
-
- ''we've moved beyond 'semi,' this is full slavery. how else
- can you term the economic exploitation of people using violence,
- the depravation of liberty, and even, torture?'' martins told
- ips.
-
- despite small regional variations, modern slavery in brazil
- shares many characteristics, including the use of violence,
- 'recruitment' from places far from the work site, illegal and
- clandestine jobs, and indenture of the worker via the sale of
- food and clothing at exaggerated prices.
-
- intermediaries travel to depressed rural areas throughout
- brazil and, like an old-time slave traders, choose the strongest,
- the neediest, those without families, and those with already
- broken spirits.
-
- instead of wages, they offer promises: free transport, good
- salaries, cheap lodging and food, working papers.
-
- once there, the worker must sleep under plastic tarps, is
- charged restaurant prices for bad food, and already has a running
- debt with the 'employer' before work begins.
-
- since the worker has no money, he is forced to work off his
- debt. however, as he is obliged to eat and buy clothes at the company
- store, his debt grows. he is indentured and unable to leave
- until every last penny is paid back. (more/ips)
- ----
-
-
- brazil: a century (2)
-
- according to martins, ''only five in every 100 are able to
- escape this trap. they are the ones who have told us how many
- others are on the plantations and in the coal mines, how many
- died trying to flee and how many are tortured to serve as
- examples.''
-
- the owners almost never appear, and when confronted, often
- deny having signed any contract with the workers. responsibility
- is often assumed by managers or foremen, who are compensated for
- their troubles.
-
- at times, the owners even present themselves as
- ''benefactors'' who have graciously given these people a chance
- to work for them.
-
- ''slavery is becoming common in brazil near the dawn of the
- twenty-first century, and the situation has worsened under the
- government of (recently resigned) president fernando collor,''
- monsenor rocha said.
-
- still, the pce figures do not so much indicate the growth of
- slavery as an increased awareness of the problem. in 1990, 1,599
- cases were reported; in 1991, 4,883; and in 1992, 13,976.
-
- one case involved 8,000 charcoal workers in the southern rio
- pardo region, where slavery resurfaced in the mid-1980's, after
- plans to industrialise the area with a paper and pulp mill
- failed.
-
- the ambitious project left 600,000 hectareas planted with pine
- and eucalyptus, whose only use today is in the production of
- charcoal destined for the steel mills of sao paulo and minas
- gerais.
-
- the failure of this project gave rise to the use of slave
- labour.
-
- ''the scenes of human degradation found in the charcoal plants
- can only be compared to the nazi concentration camps,'' state
- deputy jose miranda dos santos, a member of a legislative
- commission investigating the matter, told ips.
-
- the large landowners and businesses have denied any
- responsibility, shifting the blame to the foremen and managers at
- the plants.
-
- at least 13 assassinations of rural workers have been
- attributed to armed guards working for the large businesses, but
- local police, with only seven agents for 17,300 square
- kilometers, have been unable to investigate the crimes.
- (more/ips)
- ----
-
-
- brazil: a century (3)
-
- ''something similar occurred last decade, at the volkswagen
- plant in rio cristalino valley, in the northern state of para.
- the business professed to be unaware of conditions at the plant
- and blamed alleged subcontractors,'' martins said.
-
- six hundred workers at the plant were found working in
- sub-human conditions, under the ''supervision'' of a private
- militia armed with machine-guns.
-
- while volkswagen was able to side-step the charge of
- exploiting slave labour, international repurcussions forced the
- transnational to sell the huge holding to the japanese firm
- matsubara.
-
- ''as long as there is no way to punish and hold the owners
- responsible, instead of their subordinates, there will be no
- solution to the problem of rural slavery,'' martins concluded.
- (end/ips/trd/so/rb/ds/eli/93)
- ----
-
-
- ** End of text from cdp:reg.samerica **
-
-