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- Path: sparky!uunet!rosie!next.com!Ross_Werner
- From: Ross_Werner@next.com
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.next.hardware
- Subject: Re: NeXTDimension video output.
- Message-ID: <6335@rosie.NeXT.COM>
- Date: 21 Jan 93 19:20:42 GMT
- References: <93018.074631HARRAPR@QUCDN.QueensU.CA>
- Sender: news@NeXT.COM
- Reply-To: Ross_Werner@next.com
- Lines: 60
-
- In article <93018.074631HARRAPR@QUCDN.QueensU.CA> HARRAPR@QUCDN.QueensU.CA
- writes:
- > Hi:
- > I was using a friends NeXTDimension board a while ago and attempted
- > to output video from the screen to a vcr. The results were not too
- > impressive - color areas came through okay, but window borders
- > appeared to vibrate wildly (left to right) and some artifacts, also
- > vibrating, appeared throughout. Obviously this is a synch or
- > interference problem.
- >
- > Is it necessary to use a fantastic vcr (frame-accurate) to get
- > reasonable output from the ND, or is it just not possible? Any
- > other suggestions on using the ND for video?
- >
-
- One of the unfortunate facts of life with the existing television standards
- (NTSC and PAL) is that they are interlaced. A complete picture, or frame, is
- made up of two fields - one containing all the odd lines, the other with all
- the even lines. Drawing of the fields alternates at a 60Hz rate (50 Hz for
- PAL.)
-
- This means that any single pixel wide horizontal line will flicker since it is
- drawn in only one field. The NeXT user interface uses lots of single pixel
- wide horizontal lines, this looks great on the NeXT monitor but flickers
- annoyingly on the NTSC output.
-
- The NTSC standard will also result in some other artifacts, such as "chroma -
- crawl" on edges where there is a color change.
-
- I don't know what you mean by "window borders appeared to vibrate wildly (left
- to right)." I have used many different VCRs (everything from a $199 consumer
- model to an $8000 professional model) to record the ND video output, and with
- the exception of the problems I described above, the video quality has been
- excellent.
-
- On a high resolution screen such as the NeXTdimension's, it is very easy to
- create an image that looks just great, but will look terrible when encoded to
- NTSC. Reasons for this include the interlace, color encoding, and limited
- frequency response of the NTSC and PAL standards. Some very basic rules of
- thumb for creating images that will encode well:
-
- 1) Don't use single pixel wide horizontal lines.
- 2) Avoid the use of fully saturated colors.
- 3) For practical purposes, the luma (Black/White) bandwidth of NTSC
- is about 4 Mhz. Simply stated, alternating black and white
- single pixel wide vertical lines will end up as a grey mush.
- 4) The chroma (color) bandwidth of NTSC is 3Mhz at most. Small color
- features (less than a few pixels horizontally) will tend to
- disappear or cause unpleasant artifacts.
-
- Let me emphasize that these rules of thumb relect limitations of the NTSC
- television standard, not the ND hardware.
-
- The NTSC encoder on the ND is pretty good, but as a result of deliberate cost
- and board space tradeoffs it is not "broadcast" quality. (Go check the cost of
- a broadcast quality encoder.) If you want the best possible NTSC image, get a
- professional RGB -> NTSC encoder and drive it from the RGB video output.
-
- Ross Werner
- ND Hardware Architect
-