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- Path: sparky!uunet!mcsun!uknet!dmu.ac.uk!grp
- From: grp@dmu.ac.uk (Graham Perkins)
- Newsgroups: comp.software-eng
- Subject: Re: Why is the Software Process NOT working
- Message-ID: <1993Jan22.130940.21486@dmu.ac.uk>
- Date: 22 Jan 93 13:09:40 GMT
- References: <1993Jan19.155446.13593@cs.few.eur.nl> <EMERY.93Jan19174523@goldfinger.mitre.org>
- Organization: De Montfort University, Leicester, UK.
- Lines: 85
-
-
- Good to see someone trying to place soft. eng. in context
- of software culture - which has social and political ramifications
- so is not entirely a matter of management practice/expertise or
- technological developments.
-
- Several problems with the culture here in UK, perhaps some
- apply to US and Europe too, and maybe Japan.
-
- 1) Education not respected
- We have had a harsh decade of free-market politics. Major social
- change has been engineered (i.e., M.Thatcher was indeed successful
- in rolling back the frontiers of state - though what has replaced
- the state is another argument altogether). Agree or not with this
- process, it cannot be denied that there has been a big cultural shift.
- State-run organisations and public sector services are seen as inefficient,
- clumsy, and lacking in expertise. They have to be exposed to market
- pressures and broken up wherever possible.
- One of the effects of this change is that the population in
- general has accumulated a dis-respect for public-service professionals:
- train drivers, teachers, and dustbin-persons. Teachers, in particular,
- are despised. Education is no longer a respectable or valued
- profession in this country. The professionals in education are blamed
- for everything; from children's inability to read; to graduates'
- inappropriate training for the "real world". (NB it is usually ill-trained
- and poorly literate people who make such complaints).
- It is all too easy for professionals in industry to ignore developments
- being pushed in education.
-
- 2) Prejudice against academic methods
- BIG EXAMPLE - we have been pushing structured
- programming, then modular programming, plus documentation standards
- for years. Senior programmers in industry then tell our graduates
- that it's all very well in the "ivory towers", but out here in the
- real word you've got to do arithmetic on your pointers and jump
- in/out of routines with dexterity - because there isn't time for
- anything else. I'm sure that if you looked at what's being
- produced, you'd find that most C++ programs in industry are little
- more than sugared-up assembler language programs, and bear little
- relationship to OO software development, incremental design and
- implementation, abstract spec. or anything else we teach.
- (I hope lots of good industrial employees are reading this, but
- you know you are in a minority when you consider the sheer
- bulk of bad software being produced)
- This prejudice has always been with us, but it has been made
- much worse by changing culture described in (1) above.
-
- 3) Poor communication skills
- Dijkstra identified a high level of mastery over one's native
- language as an essential skill for programmers. We might add
- that the same applies to analysts, designers, etc. It is clear
- that many people in this country have difficulty in communicating
- their ideas or understanding other people. The bulk of written
- communication is even poorer. One only has to look at the car
- and pram "For Sale" notices in the average Newsagent's window to
- see that few people understand correct usage of upper and lower
- case letters, even fewer can spell, and virtually nobody can
- use punctuation correctly or construct grammatically correct
- sentences. These criticisms, alas, apply to many people working
- to quite high levels in professional employment.
- Traditionally, we do not expect our scientists to be educated
- in communication. Although some graduate courses include some
- element of communication skills, few make it a large and compulsory
- part. Moreover when faced with such requirements many applicants
- say that they came into computing to avoid essays, and they'd rather
- apply to some other college which doesn't require them to be
- able to speak, read, and write.
-
- 4) Poor Social Awareness
-
- "Social Aspects" and "Professional Skills" are seen as the "soft"
- areas of Computing, not to be taken seriously by students or
- lecturers. It is good to see the ACM/IEEE Curriculum recommendations
- paying much more attention to these areas. Currently, students
- graduate with the assumption that their purpose in life is to
- replace paper systems in organisations with equivalent (albeit
- more "efficient") computer systems. This seems a rather spartan
- view of the subject, and is surely inadequate in large, complicated,
- interconnected societies.
-
- 5) Obsolescence
- Most products (goods or services) in our society are understood
- to be of short term utility only, to be replaced after 3 or 4
- years at most. There is, as yet, no resistance to this trend.
- Software design is no exception.
-