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- Newsgroups: alt.cd-rom
- Path: sparky!uunet!tcsi.com!iat.holonet.net!bwilliam
- From: bwilliam@iat.holonet.net (Bill Williams)
- Subject: Re: What does Multi session mean?
- Message-ID: <C1GMDF.E88@iat.holonet.net>
- Organization: HoloNet National Internet Access BBS: 510-704-1058/modem
- References: <1993Jan25.224700.3150@dragon.acadiau.ca>
- Date: Tue, 26 Jan 1993 11:53:38 GMT
- Lines: 72
-
- Multisession is a term usually used to describe a feature that allows some
- new CD-ROM drives to show all additions made to a Kodak PhotoCD that you
- have processed.
-
- In order to read mutisession CD-ROMs that are mutilisession ISO9660 as
- setup within the subset of uses with Kodak Photo-CD the following must occur:
-
- 1-> The driver must detect that it is an ISO 9660 disk (Block 16 in 2048
- logical block size) Simple.
- 2-> The driver must determine if it is a Kodak Photo CD. Simple. (Could
- also be done via a 2340 byte block read of block 0 and checking the 4th
- byte of the header area to see if it is "0x02" XA bridge mode.
- 3-> The driver must then, if it is PhotoCD, find out if it is multisession.
- This is very complex and involves a variety of techniques and strategies
- available. Lead-out and lead in areas can be played for their Q subcodes
- looking for the exotic "0x05" signiture indicating usage of ISO
- "orange-book" multisession tracks. lead outs of sessions can be chained.
- or even brute force methods involving scanning for transition areas can be
- made. Ugh! Apple's Sony 8001 merely uses a standard ANSI SCSI-2 Table of
- content command "0x43" with the very last byte in the CDB set to "40"
- instead of "0x00" and the track set to "0". This results in a simple set
- of steps allowing the driver to immediately discover the beginning of the
- very very last session, if it is multisession.
-
- 4-> If it is determined that it is multisession, and the final session was
- found, NOW THE DRIVER MUST FIND OUT HOW TO REMAP THE WORM INFO of the
- alterred sectors. Ugh!!! Unbelievable you say? Sector remapping? Yes.
- True. Luckily two facts are on our side: the beggining area of sectors to
- remap is always the same (block 0 for future ISO and mixed mode
- compatibility) and the total number of blocks needing remapping IS ALWAYS
- THE SAME ON EACH SESSION. To discover the number of blocks to remap, block
- 16 of the last session is scanned (a ISO volume control block) and from
- that point is searched until the end of all the ISO9660 volume info is
- located (very few blocks). Now these sectors need to be ALWAYS REMAPPED by
- the CD-ROM SCSI driver. Thus all references to sectors 0 through 17 for
- example must be redirected to the area on the disk containing the last
- session. THE MAGIC PART: Only multisession disks allow the head to move to
- this last session normally. This is because the SCSI command READ CAPACITY
- on a non-multisession drive will always yield a number smaller than the
- area where some of the latest sessions are located and the head (for
- safety reasons) will not normally allow you to command it to those "BLANK
- MEDIA" areas past the lead out area.Just buy multisession equipment such
- as Toshiba 3401, Sony 8003, etc.
-
-
- 5-> There are some other issues of course, and the mapping actually has
- more to do than this, but This is just a rough description of the work a
- multi-session SCSI driver has to go through.
-
-
- PURPOSE OF THIS POST: To explain how complex multisession, Orange-book,
- for Kodak Photo CD, XA mode bridge format media is, and why your equipment
- only shows the first sessions of your photos and not the later sessions
- written when more are recorded to your PhotoCD's.
-
-
- HOT RUMOR AREA: Because of all the crap and irritation behind multisession
- PhotoCD's, and because of lagging sales of Kodak labeled CD players, two
- things have recently happened: (1) list prices on Kodak Photo CD players
- have been slashed dramatically (pathetic, non-SCSI devices), (2) rumors
- abound that PhotoCD processing locations will remaster your PhotoCDs onto
- a new ($5-ish) media creating a larger collection appearing in a single
- first session almost at cost, because NO-ONE IN THE WORLD (except a few
- happy Apple IIvx owners) HAS MULTISESSION WORKING WELL.
-
-
- Have fun, and don't try to understand this drivel of mine, it is full of
- too much insider info for non CD driver people.
-
- Bill Williams
-
-
-