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- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Path: sparky!uunet!usc!cs.utexas.edu!torn!utzoo!henry
- From: henry@zoo.toronto.edu (Henry Spencer)
- Subject: Re: SSTO vs 2 stage
- Message-ID: <C03Gtt.F35@zoo.toronto.edu>
- Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 22:51:28 GMT
- References: <C025yp.A1.1@cs.cmu.edu> <1992Dec30.211506.19286@netcom.com>
- Organization: U of Toronto Zoology
- Lines: 38
-
- In article <1992Dec30.211506.19286@netcom.com> ckp@netcom.com (Charles Pooley) writes:
- >So, for the 1st environment, the 1st stage should have the durability to
- >cope with the aerodynamic loads and have engines optimised for use in
- >atmpsphere...
-
- In practice, even first-stage engines are necessarily a compromise between
- atmosphere and vacuum operation. If you look at the cutoff altitudes of
- typical first stages (ignoring little strap-ons and the like), a substantial
- fraction of their burn time is spent in near-vacuum.
-
- >The general idea, it seems, is not to take any component or capability
- >of the rocket past the point it is needed. ie, wings, landing gear,
- >parachutes, rugged construction etc for low altitude conditions not go
- >beyond staging point...
-
- Of course, the same is true for aircraft. The design of an aircraft's
- wings, in particular, is heavily driven by takeoff and emergency-landing
- requirements. (Normal landings, at least for long-haul aircraft, are
- made at substantially lower weights than takeoffs and worst-case emergency
- landings.) Would it make sense to build two-stage aircraft, with the
- upper stage optimized for high speed at high altitude (plus landing at
- relatively low weights after fuel is burned)? Well, yes, in a way, and
- it's even been done occasionally, for research aircraft like the X-15.
- But nobody would buy a commercial aircraft built that way, even though
- performance would be better, because staging is simply too much trouble
- and expense when one-stage designs work fine.
-
- There will be a place for staging throughout the foreseeable future.
- No propulsion system likely to be practical soon would be capable of
- launching a short-flight-time mission to Pluto without staging; even if
- the DCs work perfectly, missions like that will use upper stages.
-
- But it's not necessary or desirable for hauling payloads into low
- Earth orbit; we have the technology to do without it, and doing so
- has potential to reduce costs quite substantially.
- --
- "God willing... we shall return." | Henry Spencer @ U of Toronto Zoology
- -Gene Cernan, the Moon, Dec 1972 | henry@zoo.toronto.edu utzoo!henry
-