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- Path: sparky!uunet!ogicse!das-news.harvard.edu!cantaloupe.srv.cs.cmu.edu!crabapple.srv.cs.cmu.edu!"UTADNX::UTDSSA::GREER"@utspan.span.nasa.gov
- From: "UTADNX::UTDSSA::GREER"@utspan.span.nasa.gov
- Newsgroups: sci.space
- Subject: Polar Retrograde Orbits (was: cryptocraft photo...)
- Message-ID: <BzMHE1.6K6.1@cs.cmu.edu>
- Date: 21 Dec 92 18:34:10 GMT
- Article-I.D.: cs.BzMHE1.6K6.1
- Sender: news+@cs.cmu.edu
- Distribution: sci
- Organization: [via International Space University]
- Lines: 62
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- X-Added: Forwarded by Space Digest
- Original-Sender: isu@VACATION.VENARI.CS.CMU.EDU
-
-
- In Space Digest V15 #573,
- I Forgot <pthomson@iastate.edu> writes:
-
- >>In <1992Dec19.005254.1@stsci.edu> hathaway@stsci.edu writes:
- >
- >> description of observation:
- >
- >> Observation: Unknown
- >> Observers: I. Cooper, W. H. Hathaway
- >> Date: night of 8-9 JUN 1991
- >> Time: ~3-5 minutes both before and after 12:40:30 am EDT
- >> - this time checked via phone while object was
- >> being followed
- >> Site: Severn MD, Long: 76 Dg 38 Mn W, Lat: +39 Dg 11 Mn
- >>...
- >> Identification: It had all the familiar steady motion of an
- >> Earth satellite, but _not_ in a common Direct orbit from
- >> West to East. Motion actually more like from NE by N to
- >> SW by S. If a satellite, it was in a near-polar orbit, but
- >> Retrograde.
- >
- >>Wm. Hathaway
- >
- >
- >Just a couple observations. Having done some studies of the Soviet space
- >programs, I found that most of their lower orbit satellites that need polar
- >type orbits, are in retrograde orbits. This is due to problems with launch
- >sites being located inland and having populated areas downrange.
-
- This may be true concerning Soviet satellites, but there is another reason
- for polar retrograde orbits: they can be Sun Synchronous, i.e., the
- orientation of the orbit plane will remain fixed relative to the Sun as the
- Earth moves in its orbit. So the spacecraft will continuously view the
- surface of the Earth at the same local time at any given latitude. The
- table below, from page 69 of _Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control_,
- James R. Wertz, Ed., gives an idea of the properties of Sun synchronous
- orbits.
-
-
- Mean e=0 | e=0.1
- Altitude i | i Hp Ha
- (km) (deg) | (deg) (km) (km)
-
- 0 95.68 |
- 200 96.33 |
- 400 97.03 |
- 600 97.79 |
- 800 98.60 | 98.43 82 1518
- 1000 99.48 | 99.29 262 1738
- 2000 104.89 | 104.59 1162 2838
- 3000 112.41 | 111.94 2062 3938
- 4000 122.93 | 122.19 2962 5038
- 5000 138.60 | 137.32 3862 6138
- 5974 180.00 | 168.55 4738 7209
-
- i=inclination, e=eccentricity, Hp=perigee height, Ha=apogee height
-
- _____________
- Dale M. Greer, whose opinions are not to be confused with those of the
- Center for Space Sciences, U.T. at Dallas, UTSPAN::UTADNX::UTDSSA::GREER
- "Pave Paradise, put up a parking lot." -- Joni Mitchell
-