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- Newsgroups: sci.skeptic
- Path: sparky!uunet!psinntp!wrldlnk!usenet
- From: "James F. Tims" <p00168@psilink.com>
- Subject: Re: Why the sky is blue - again
- In-Reply-To: <1992Dec22.105404.1@stsci.edu>
- Message-ID: <2934169088.8.p00168@psilink.com>
- Sender: usenet@worldlink.com
- Nntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1
- Organization: Semper Excelsior
- Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 03:54:44 GMT
- X-Mailer: PSILink (3.2)
- Lines: 71
-
- >DATE: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 15:54:04 GMT
- >FROM: zellner@stsci.edu
- >
- > > OK. Let's see if I'm getting anywhere. All the light hits
- > > the atmosphere and starts bouncing around, the odds of it bouncing
- > > being some factor of how many molecules there are to hit, how big they
- > > are, and so forth, and on the wavelength; the odds of bouncing get better
- > > the shorter the wavelength gets. I assume the Rayleigh equations
- > > calculate the actual odds, given a molecular size, density, and a
- > > wavelength....
- >
- >That's essentially correct. Actually you get a scattering efficiency - the
- >ratio of the cross-section of light removed from the beam to the geometrical
- >cross-section of the scatterer - which increases as the fourth power of the
- >size/wavelength parameter. You just multiply the scattering cross-section per
- >particle by the number of particles in the beam.
- >
- > > Blue takes enough extra bounces that a lot more of it bounces into the eye
- > > than do the lower frequencies. The lower frequencies do in
- > > fact get back to the eye, but compared with the blue, they're small change.
- > > When looking through a lot of the atmosphere toward the rising horizon,
- > > more of the blue has scattered, leaving relatively more red, which has
- > > miraculously managed to come through almost unscathed -- unscattered.
- >
- >Generally there is only one "bounce"; the atmosphere is optically thin at
- >visible wavelengths. It's not the number of bounces that counts, but the
- >probablility of bouncing.
- >
- > > Does this mean that UV-sky is "brighter" than the blue?
- >
- >In the near UV the scattering efficiency as described above is higher. But
- >the sun isn't very bright in the UV, and the higher optical depth starts to
- >take a toll - more of the light is scattered back into space. In the
- >"vacuum UV", shortward of about 3000A, you start to get true atomic ABSORPTIONS
- >by O3, O2, O, and nitrogen. Recall to kick an atom into a higher electronic
- >state or to ionize it you generally need 5 to 10 electron volts, which is in
- >the UV in terms of photon energy.
- >
- > > Let me guess. UV is short enough to where the molecule size starts to
- > > matter ...
- >
- >Nope. Remember molecules are only a few Angstroms in size. The wavelength
- >is still a thousand times larger.
- >
- > > O3 is more opaque than O2.
- >
- >The O3 absorption is a true absorption, not a pure-scattering phenomenon.
- >The photon doesn't just bounce, it's destroyed. The atom that did the
- >absorbing can re-radiate the energy at the same wavelength (resonant
- >scattering), or it can radiate several photons at longer wavelengths as it
- >cascades down through electronic energy levels (airglow), or the energy can
- >be thermalized by collisions between atoms. But the process is entirely
- >different from Rayleigh scattering.
- >
- >Ben
- >
-
- I have profited from this thread, most definitely, and thanks to everybody.
- I think I could almost pass the quick quiz. My pick for the winning analogy
- is the radio waves going through a cloud of baseballs. Light can cover
- a lot of ground in 1/10e7 seconds. I don't know -- .0456 miles -- 241 feet?
- 24 feet? Now you know why I'm not an engineer or a physicist,
-
- ,...,.,,
- /666; ', jim tims
- ////; _~ - p00168@psilink.com
- (/@/----0-~-0
- ;' . `` ~ \'
- , ` ' , > I suffer the heartbreak of untidy thought processes.
- ;;|\..(( -C---->> Too much unfolded mental laundry. "Hey! Wanna hear
- ;;| >- `.__),;; why the sky's blue?" I was boring before, but now this!
-