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- Newsgroups: sci.skeptic
- Path: sparky!uunet!psinntp!wrldlnk!usenet
- From: "James F. Tims" <p00168@psilink.com>
- Subject: Re: Why the sky is blue - again
- In-Reply-To: <1992Dec21.161300.1@stsci.edu>
- Message-ID: <2934091690.14.p00168@psilink.com>
- Sender: usenet@worldlink.com
- Nntp-Posting-Host: 127.0.0.1
- Organization: Semper Excelsior
- Date: Tue, 22 Dec 1992 05:48:06 GMT
- X-Mailer: PSILink (3.2)
- Lines: 86
-
- >DATE: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 21:13:00 GMT
- >FROM: zellner@stsci.edu
- >
- >> All that stuff in Jackson essentially reduces to treating air molecules as
- >> classical harmonic oscillators, excited by the incident light, and radiating
- >> as dipole radiators.
- >
- >> The frequency of light is well below the natural frequency of the air
- >> molecules. When sufficiently outside the resonant region, a harmonic
- >> oscillator's amplitude is approximately constant .....
- >>
- >> The Rayleigh scattering case is below resonant frequency ...
- >
- >As is so often the case in these newsgroups, someone gives the correct analysis
- >early on, and after that things go off into never-never land. Except for a few
- >narrow "telluric" bands in the visible, air molecules have their rotational
- >resonances in the microwave domain, their vibrational frequences in the
- >infrared, and their electronic resonances in the UV. So one way to answer the
- >question "Why is the sky blue?" is simply to say "because air molecules don't
- >absorb or radiate at visible wavelengths; they just scatter."
- >
- >> I'm still confused. Sorry. I'm really trying to understand this.
- >> Some of the posts seem to confirm my vague recollections that the sky is
- >> glowing, although my reasons for it were incorrect. ... I can't figure out
- >> whether the atmosphere is a lens or a radiator; whether the photon
- >> originally came from the sun (no glowing) or whether it came from the air
- >> molecules (glowing); whether a different atmosphere would be a different
- >> color because of its spectral signature or because of its optical proper-
- >> ties; whether the air molecules in the viewed part of the sky are even
- >> receiving their fair share of red (!glowing) or whether the red is being
- >> absorbed and re-radiated (glowing).
- >
- >None of the above! The daytime sky is not glowing at visible wavelengths!
- >(Sure, there are some "dayglow" and "nightglow" emissions, but they are
- >overwhelmed by simple blue-sky scattering in the daytime.) Rayleigh scattering
- >is not remotely resonant scattering, and has nothing at all to do with spectral
- >line absorptions or emissions. It is a purely classical effect, having nothing
- >to do with quantum mechanics, and would look much the same for any clear
- >molecular atmosphere. Radio waves scattered by a cloud of baseballs would
- >behave just the same. Under high spectral resolution the blue-sky spectrum
- >would show all the solar Fraunhofer lines, modified only by very minor effects
- >such as Doppler broadening due to the earth's atmosphere.
- >
- >In fact I believe the result is very general, that waves of ANY kind, when
- >scattered by obstacles much smaller than the wavelength, will scatter according
- >to the Rayleigh law. Along those lines -- I have heard that Lord Rayleigh's
- >original analysis was extremely ingenious, being based more on raw mathematics
- >than any physics, but I have never seen it. Can anyone enlighten us about how
- >it went?
- >
- >Ben
- >
-
- OK. Let's see if I'm getting anywhere. All the light hits
- the atmosphere and starts bouncing around, the odds of it bouncing
- being some factor of how many molecules there are to hit, how big they
- are, and so forth, and on the wavelength; the odds of bouncing get better
- the shorter the wavelength gets. I assume the Rayleigh equations
- calculate the actual odds, given a molecular size, density, and a
- wavelength. (Holding the speed of light constant. 8^)
-
- Blue takes enough extra bounces that a lot more of it bounces into the eye
- than do the lower frequencies. The lower frequencies do in
- fact get back to the eye, but compared with the blue, they're small change.
- When looking through a lot of the atmosphere toward the rising horizon,
- more of the blue has scattered, leaving relatively more red, which has
- miraculously managed to come through almost unscathed -- unscattered.
- The unbouncy unbouncy red rubber ball of song. 8^)
-
- Does this mean that UV-sky is "brighter" than the blue? Maybe that
- warning that says DON'T LOOK DIRECTLY AT THE SUN ought to read
- DON'T LOOK UP DURING THE DAY WITHOUT PROTECTIVE LENS. Oh. They
- already have done that, haven't they? Sunglasses. Right?
-
- ,...,.,,
- /666; ', jim tims
- ////; _~ - p00168@psilink.com
- (/@/----0-~-0
- ;' . `` ~ \'
- , ` ' , >
- ;;|\..(( -C---->> Let me guess. UV is short enough to where the molecule
- ;;| >- `.__),;; size starts to matter, and O3 is more opaque than O2.
-
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