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- From: zellner@stsci.edu
- Subject: Why the sky is blue - again
- Message-ID: <1992Dec21.161300.1@stsci.edu>
- Lines: 50
- Sender: news@stsci.edu
- Organization: Space Telescope Science Institute
- Distribution: na
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 21:13:00 GMT
-
-
- > All that stuff in Jackson essentially reduces to treating air molecules as
- > classical harmonic oscillators, excited by the incident light, and radiating
- > as dipole radiators.
-
- > The frequency of light is well below the natural frequency of the air
- > molecules. When sufficiently outside the resonant region, a harmonic
- > oscillator's amplitude is approximately constant .....
- >
- > The Rayleigh scattering case is below resonant frequency ...
-
- As is so often the case in these newsgroups, someone gives the correct analysis
- early on, and after that things go off into never-never land. Except for a few
- narrow "telluric" bands in the visible, air molecules have their rotational
- resonances in the microwave domain, their vibrational frequences in the
- infrared, and their electronic resonances in the UV. So one way to answer the
- question "Why is the sky blue?" is simply to say "because air molecules don't
- absorb or radiate at visible wavelengths; they just scatter."
-
- > I'm still confused. Sorry. I'm really trying to understand this.
- > Some of the posts seem to confirm my vague recollections that the sky is
- > glowing, although my reasons for it were incorrect. ... I can't figure out
- > whether the atmosphere is a lens or a radiator; whether the photon
- > originally came from the sun (no glowing) or whether it came from the air
- > molecules (glowing); whether a different atmosphere would be a different
- > color because of its spectral signature or because of its optical proper-
- > ties; whether the air molecules in the viewed part of the sky are even
- > receiving their fair share of red (!glowing) or whether the red is being
- > absorbed and re-radiated (glowing).
-
- None of the above! The daytime sky is not glowing at visible wavelengths!
- (Sure, there are some "dayglow" and "nightglow" emissions, but they are
- overwhelmed by simple blue-sky scattering in the daytime.) Rayleigh scattering
- is not remotely resonant scattering, and has nothing at all to do with spectral
- line absorptions or emissions. It is a purely classical effect, having nothing
- to do with quantum mechanics, and would look much the same for any clear
- molecular atmosphere. Radio waves scattered by a cloud of baseballs would
- behave just the same. Under high spectral resolution the blue-sky spectrum
- would show all the solar Fraunhofer lines, modified only by very minor effects
- such as Doppler broadening due to the earth's atmosphere.
-
- In fact I believe the result is very general, that waves of ANY kind, when
- scattered by obstacles much smaller than the wavelength, will scatter according
- to the Rayleigh law. Along those lines -- I have heard that Lord Rayleigh's
- original analysis was extremely ingenious, being based more on raw mathematics
- than any physics, but I have never seen it. Can anyone enlighten us about how
- it went?
-
- Ben
-
-