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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!cs.utexas.edu!torn!pulp.cs.laurentian.ca!loose
- From: loose@ramsey.cs.laurentian.ca (Stephen Loose)
- Subject: Re: General Relativity Tests
- Message-ID: <1992Dec31.165751.14715@ramsey.cs.laurentian.ca>
- Keywords: Advancement in Perihelion, Einstein, Ritz, Tolman
- Organization: Dept. of Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON
- References: <rsf1.725654609@Ra.MsState.Edu>
- Date: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 16:57:51 GMT
- Lines: 127
-
- In <rsf1.725654609@Ra.MsState.Edu> rsf1@Ra.MsState.Edu (Robert S. Fritzius) writes:
-
- >In article <rsf1.725556854@Ra.MsState.Edu> I showed one version of
- >Einstein's approach for calculating the advancement in perihelion
- >*per revolution* for a planet:
- >
- > 24 * pi^3 * a^2
- > + ------------------------ (1)
- > T^2 * c^2 * (1 - e^2)
- >
- >where a = semi-major axis of planetary ellipse
- > T = period of revolution
- > c = speed of light
- > e = eccentricity of planetary ellipse
- >
- >then, by using the first order approximation:
- >
- > pi^2 * a^2 v^2
- > ------------ = -------- , (2)
- > T^2 * c^2 c^2
- >
- >where v is the average speed of the planet in orbit.
- >
- >I simplifed Einstein's expression (1) to:
- >
- > 24 * pi v^2
- > ----------- * -------- (3)
- > (1 - e^2) c^2
- >
- >Then I messed up by making this revised expression equal the 43 seconds
- >of arc advancement *per century* for Mercury instead of its value
- >(whatever that is) *per revolution.*
- >
- >Egg on my face. Sorry!
- >
- >Then I said:
- >
- >>It's my understanding that the c^2 factor relates to Einstein's view that
- >>gravitational effects (static and dynamic) travel at the speed of light and
- >>that 'c' in this case represents *the* gravitational propagation speed.
- >
- >In article <1992Dec29.004800.22768@sfu.ca> Leigh Palmer, palmer@sfu.ca
- >writes.
- >
- >>You are putting these words into his mouth. Why is that your under-
- >>standing? [Stuff deleted]
- >
- >A couple of years back I was trying to push some of Walter Ritz's ideas
- >off on a Physics prof at Case Western (CWRU). In particular, I was
- >pressing the point that in (1908) Ritz, in principle, beat Einstein to
- >the punch by suggesting that the larger part of the advancement of
- >Mercury's perihelion could be solved using Galilean relativity and
- >retarded speed-of-light (gravitational) potentials.
- >
- >The prof's response (paraphrased here) was, "Any theory that assigns the
- >speed of light to the speed of gravity will solve the perihelion
- >advancement problem." To me, he was saying that the advancement of
- >perihelion cannot not be a critical test between Ritz and Einstein because
- >they both have the same speed for the propagation of gravitational
- >(supposedly static and/or dynamic) fields.
- >
- >Palmer went on to say:
- >
- >>The formula does, indeed refer to a particle moving in a static
- >>gravitational field, that of the sun, and employs the approximation
- >>that the sun is stationary. Thus the question of the speed with which
- >>the gravitational field "propagates" never arises.
- >
- >Tom Van Flandern, where are you?
- >
- >Last night I checked Tolman's, Relativity Thermodynamics and Cosmology
- >on the perihelion advancement issue, pp 205-209, (1934). He arrives at
- >an *approximate* expression for the advancement *per revolution* of:
- >
- > m^2
- > 6 * pi * ------- , T(83.19) (4)
- > h^2
- >
- >(This will be compared to the simplified Einstein equation (3), above.)
- >
- >where: m = mass of sun (units defined on Tolman's p. 202)
- >
- > d(phi)
- > h = r^2 * ------- T(83.11) (5)
- > d(s)
- >
- > This is relativistic expression almost equal to the swept out
- > equal areas in equal times thing, and:
- >
- > r = sun-planet distance (as defined appropriately)
- >
- > d(phi) is the differential in longitude of the planet
- >
- > d(s) is an element of proper time as measured with a
- > local clock moving with the planet
- >
- >Tolman sets
- >
- > d(phi)^2 v^2
- > r^2 * --------- = ----- T(p.208) (6)
- > d(s)^2 c^2
- >
- > v^2
- >so h^2 = r^2 * ------ from (5) and (6) (7)
- > c^2
- >
- >If we plug expression (7) for h^2 back into (4) we get:
- >
- >Longitudinal advancement in perihelion per orbit:
- >
- > m^2 c^2
- > 6 * pi * --- * ----- Tolman (8)
- > r^2 v^2
- >
- > 24 * pi v^2
- > ----------- * ----- Einstein (3)
- > (1 - e^2) c^2
- >
- >
- >Note that Tolman's (v^2/c^2) got inverted, as compared to that in the
- >simplified Einstein expression (3). Comments?
- >
- >
- >Robert S. Fritzius rsf1@ra.msstate.edu
- >
- >
-
-