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- Newsgroups: sci.physics
- Path: sparky!uunet!world!cdj
- From: cdj@world.std.com (conrad d johnson)
- Subject: Re: Are there plans to perform a quantum eraser type experiment?
- Message-ID: <C0045E.5w0@world.std.com>
- Keywords: Quantum, measurement
- Sender: cdj@std-annex.std.co (Conrad Johnson)
- Organization: The World Public Access UNIX, Brookline, MA
- References: <1992Dec27.010505.29958@colorado.edu>
- Date: Tue, 29 Dec 1992 03:24:49 GMT
- Lines: 89
-
- In article <1992Dec27.010505.29958@colorado.edu> schiffd@tigger.cs.Colorado.EDU (David M. Schiff) writes:
- >I was just wondering if anyone has heard of any plans to perform an
- >experiment that will test the "quantum eraser" effect. The last thing I
- >read about this said it was still just a thought experiment but implied
- >that it might be within experimentalists' capabilities in the near future.
-
- What I know of this comes from the July '92 Scientific American (pp 97-8),
- which summarizes recent research at Rochester and UC Berkeley, as well as
- Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment. The upshot confirms Bohr's position
- that a quantum system achieves a determinate state -- its wave-function
- "collapses" -- only in the context of a physical arrangement that makes it
- possible to determine its state.
-
- It seems to me that these experiments sharpen the problem of quantum
- measurement by showing that it is not any particular event that brings
- about a determinate state. What counts is the informational structure of
- the arrangement as a whole.
- _____
-
- These experiments are all versions of the two-slit experiment, in which
- particles can take either of two separate paths that later reconverge at
- a detector. If the arrangement makes it impossible to tell which path
- a particle takes, each particle in effect takes both paths at once,
- producing a wave-interference pattern at the detector. If it is in any
- way possible to tell which path a particle takes, the interference
- pattern disappears.
-
- The arrangements set up at Rochester and UCB include components that do
- determine which route a particle takes through the apparatus. That
- should bring about the "collapse" and prevent interference. But they
- also include other components that subsequently block or erase the path-
- distinguishing information. As it then again becomes impossible to tell
- which path the particle took, the interference-pattern reappears.
- _____
-
- The conclusion seems to be that what makes the difference between a
- superposition of virtual states and a single definite state is not any
- particular thing that happens in the course of a measurement. The idea
- of the "collapse" as something that happens physically to a particle at
- a certain time and place has to be wrong.
-
- If the "collapse" were an actual event, it would have happened in the
- course of the Rochester/UCB experiments. The path taken by each
- particle was in fact determined by the apparatus. But since this
- information was subsequently erased from the system, the "collapse"
- retroactively never happened.
-
- This is much like Wheeler's delayed-choice experiment, which showed that
- a change to the experimental arrangement at a certain moment can result
- in a "collapse" having taken place at an earlier moment. A kind of
- "backward causality" seems to be implied.
-
- This should also be seen in connection with the Aspect/Bell experiments
- verifying Quantum non-locality. There the point is that the "collapse,"
- if considered as a physical event, has to involve instantaneous action-
- at-a-distance.
- _____
-
-
- If the "collapse" is not a physical event, what's going on? The "many-
- worlds" interpretation doesn't help here. The same difficulty applies
- to the "splitting up" of the universe as to the "collapse" of the wave-
- function -- if it's a real event, it has to be able to happen (and un-
- happen) retroactively, and it has to be able to happen instantaneously
- at distant points in space.
-
- I think the best interpretation is the one that sticks with Bohr's
- original idea. It is not the particle "in itself" that is in a certain
- definite state, or "has" certain "properties." Rather, determinate
- existence can only belong to systems that are big enough, complex enough
- and sufficiently inter-connected with the rest of the world so that the
- particular states they're in and the particular paths they take MAKE A
- DIFFERENCE to other things.
-
- The new experiments sharpen the problem also by showing that it's the
- structure of the physical apparatus that counts, NOT the consciousness
- of a human observer. The issue has to do with the existence or non-
- existence of information in the physical arrangement itself.
- _____
-
- I think then that the mystery of Quantum measurement probably comes down
- to this question:
-
- What is the relationship between information and existence?
- Or, how does information physically exist in the world?
-
- More to come on this in later messages.
- _____
-
-