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- From: PL436000@brownvm.brown.edu (Jamie)
- Newsgroups: sci.philosophy.tech,sci.logic
- Subject: Re: No Reification Here
- Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 10:41:09 EST
- Organization: Brown University - Providence, Rhode Island USA
- Lines: 96
- Message-ID: <1hsfv0INN2mt@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>
- References: <1hq9rvINNiq@cat.cis.Brown.EDU> <1992Dec29.170606.18889@husc3.harvard.edu> <1hqjglINN52l@cat.cis.Brown.EDU> <1992Dec30.022715.18893@husc3.harvard.edu>
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- >From: zeleny@husc10.harvard.edu (Michael Zeleny)
-
- >J:
- >>>>Even if you hate Blackburn, there are more respectable examples.
- >>>>De Finetti was an expressivist about probability predicates, for
- >>>>example. Allan Gibbard has a pretty good expressivist theory of
- >>>>normative judgments.
-
- >MZ:
- >>>It remains to be shown that expressivism, as exemplified above, is
- >>>bereft of an ontology of properties.
-
- >J:
- >>I didn't say, of course, that expressivism is bereft of an ontology
- >>of properties. Expressivists may be quite happy with some properties,
- >>but wish to rid their ontology of others.
-
- MZ:
- >Unless they avoid referring, explicitly or implicitly, to other
- >objective properties, while so ridding their ontology, my point still
- >stands.
-
- Just a moment.
- Here is the issue that I thought we were discussing.
-
- Is it true that a given predicate is meaningful iff it expresses
- a property?
-
- I am uncertain about this issue. It is not clear to me that a
- predicate with an expressivist analysis expresses a property.
- But it does seem to me that a predicate with an expressivist
- analysis is meaningful.
-
- There is a separate question: do expressivists allow for ANY
- properties in their ontologies? I believe virtually all of them
- do. But, they still think that there are some meaningful
- predicates which express no property.
-
- >How is an attitude not a property?
-
- Well, an attitude might be thought of as a property. But here is
- what I thought the issue was.
-
- In regular old realist semantics, the semantic value of a predicate
- is a property. The predicate contributes that property to propositions
- expressed by sentences in which the predicate occurs.
-
- In expressivist, anti-realist (or "irrealist" as it's fashionably
- called nowadays) semantics, a predicate may have no descriptive
- semantic value at all. It contributes nothing to any proposition
- because sentences in which it occurs express no proposition.
-
- Here is a sample from Allan Gibbard's expressivist theory of
- normative predicates.
-
- "To call something rational is to express one's acceptance of norms
- that permit it." .... Normative talk is part of nature, but it does
- not describe nature. In particular, a person who calls something
- rational or irrational is not describing his state of mind; he is
- expressing it. To call something rational is not to attribute
- some particular property to that thing--not even the property of
- being permitted by accepted norms. The analysis is not directly
- of what it is for something to *be* rational, but of what it is
- for someone to *judge* that something is rational. We explain
- the term by saying what state of mind it expresses. In this sense
- the analysis is *expressivistic*, and in too big a mouthful, I shall
- call it the *norm-expressivistic analysis*.
- [Wise Choices, Apt Feelings pp.7-8]
- [The quotation marks appear in the original.]
-
- I hope this is clear enough for present purposes. According to
- Gibbard, there is no property of being rational. But "is rational"
- is meaningful in that it expresses a special kind of endorsement.
-
- Similar ideas can be found in de Finetti.
-
- >J:
- >>De Finetti believed that the predicate "Has probability .5"
- >>expressed no property, but that it was nevertheless meaningful
- >>in that it expressed the speaker's degree of belief. (Again,
- >>"expressed" in the second sense. Perhaps I will try to avoid
- >>this locution, but it's not easy since the name of the view
- >>is "expressivism.")
- >
- >The speaker's degree of belief surely is a property of the speaker.
-
- It is. But, according to de Finetti, someone who says "The eternal
- damnation of the heretics has probability .5" does not express
- a proposition about his state of mind, about his degree of belief.
- He rather expresses his degree of belief.
-
- If I utter "Ow! you son of a bitch" when Tom Nagel steps on my
- gouty toe, I have not expressed the proposition that I am in pain,
- but I have expressed my pain.
-
- Jamie
-