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- From: m23364@mwunix (James Meritt)
- Subject: Cosmos Without Gravitation
- Message-ID: <1992Dec21.195029.5158@linus.mitre.org>
- Sender: news@linus.mitre.org (News Service)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mwunix.mitre.org
- Organization: MITRE Corporation, McLean VA
- Date: Mon, 21 Dec 1992 19:50:29 GMT
- Lines: 175
-
- In _Cosmos_Without_Gravitation_, Immanuel Velikovsky writes:
- >
- >Phenomena not in accordance with the Theory of Gravitation:
- I would say, not in accordance with his understanding...
-
- >1. The ingredients of air - oxygen, nitrogen, argon and other gasses - though
- >not in a compound but in a mixture, are found in equal proportions at various
- >levels of the atmosphere despite great differences in specific weights.
-
- A nicely mixed meda, for sure...
-
- >2. Ozone, though heavier than oxygen, is absent in the lower layers of the
- >atmosphere, is present in the upper layers, and is not subject to the "mixing
- >effect of the wind."
-
- There is no suprise at finding an unstable substance near its source and that it
- be less common the further away from the source it gets. It breaks down.
-
- >3. Water, though eight hundred times heavier than air, is held in droplets,
- >by the millions of tins, miles above the ground.
-
- A suspension.
-
- >4. Even if perfect elasticity is a quality of the molecules of all gasses, the
- >motion of the molecules, if affected by a mechanical cause, must subside
- >because of the gravitational attraction between the particles and also because of the
- >gravitational pull of the earth.
-
- He appears to thing that there is some kind of gravitational collapse here? I would
- think that a brief study of the kinetic property of gasses would easily show the
- fallacy in this statement.
-
- >5. The weight of the atmosphere is constantly changing as the changing barometric
- >pressure indicates.
-
- yup. It is a dynamic media that is often out of equilibrium.
-
- >6. Laplace... came to the conclusion that the atmosphere...must be lenticular in form,
- >its polar and equatorial axes must be 35,000 and 52,000 miles respectively; at the
- >equator the atmosphere must extend more than 21,000 miles....From the measurement of
- >the pressure of the earth's atmosphere...it has been deduced that the atmosphere is but
- >17 miles high. Observation of the flight of meteorites and of the polar auroras
- >lead to the conjecture that the atmosphere reaches...130 miles...or over 400 miles.
- >Radio measurements yield about 200 miles for the upper layer recognizable through this
- >method of investigation.
-
- So Velikovsky has shown that Laplace had an incredible misunderstanding of the
- atmosphere. The "17 miles high" seems to assume that an elastic gas behaved
- inelastically. I am not especially suprised when ignorance does not agree with
- misconception.
-
- >7. ...As the movement of anticyclones cannot be explained by the mechanistic principles
- >of gravitation and rotation, it must be concluded that the rotation of cyclones is also
- >unexplained.
-
- I do not recall any such problem.
-
- >8. ...the unequal distribution of masses (land in northers vs southern hemispheres)
- >does not effect the position of the earth...Also, the seasonal distribution of ice and
- >snow, shifting in a distillation process from one hemisphere to the other, should
- >interfere with the equilibrium of the earth, but fails to do so.
-
- What does "effect the position of the earth" and "equilibrium of the earth" mean,
- and how large effect should a tiny fraction of one percent have?
-
- >9. Mountainous masses do not exert the gravitational pull expected by the theory of
- >gravitation.
-
- News to me. He's quoting 1855 reports. What does more recent observation indicate?
- I've been directly involved in a project where the seabed was mapped using this
- trick - I recall no such problem.
-
- >10. Over the oceans, the gravitational pull is greater than over the continents, though
- >according to the theory of gravitation the reverse should be true...
-
- huh? This appears to be from a 1939 paper. Any recent observations?
-
- >11. The atmospheric pressure of the sun, instead of being 27.47 times greater than the
- >atmospheric pressure of the earth (as expected because of the large solar mass), is much
- >smaller...
- >
- >12. Because of its swift rotation, the gasseous sun should have a latitudinal axis
- >greater than the longitudinal, but it does not have it.
-
- Why should it? Does someone have the supporting calculations that Velikovsky's
- paper does not provide?
-
- >13. If planets and satellites were once molten masses...they would not have been able to
- >obtain spherical form, especially those which do not rotate, as Mercury or the moon (with
- >respect to its primary)
-
- I do not see this conclusion. Even drops of water, not rotating, go spherical in
- free fall.
-
- >14. ...The Newtonian orbits (calculated) differ from the Keplerian, found empirically.
-
- How so? (Do they?) The space program seems to do quite well with Newtonian
- calculations...
-
- >15. Perturbations of planets due to their reciprocal action are pronounced in repulsion
- >as well as attraction.
-
- huh? In his paper he gave no references to this. Anyone know anything?
-
- >16. The perturbating activity appears unstable in the major planets...As these planets
- >did not increase in mass in the meantime, this change is not understandable from...theory
- >of gravitation, which includes the principle of the immutable gravitational constant.
-
- The time is 1898-1899. What happened?
-
- >17. The pressure of light emanating from the sun should slowly change the orbits of the
- >satellites...but this change fails to materialize; a regulating force seems to overcome
- >this unequal light pressure on primaries and secondaries.
-
- I may be incorrect, but photonic/solar wind pressure seems several orders of magnitude
- for this to have an observable effect.
-
- >18. The sun moves in space...This motion, according to Lodge (1918) must change the
- >eccentricties of some of the planetary orbits to an extent that far exceeds the observed
- >values.
-
- Anything more recent than a 1918 calculation not borne out by observation? What did
- he do wrong?
-
- >19. The motion of the perihelia of Mercury and Mars and of the nodes of Venus differ
- >from what is computed with the help of the Newtonian law of gravitation...the
- >irregularities in the movements of venus and mars cannot be accounted for by Einstein's
- >formula.
-
- What irregulatrities?
-
- >20. Unaccounted for fluctuations in the lunar mean motion were calculated from the
- >records of lunar eclipses of many centuries and from modern observations.
-
- And are they accounted for now?
-
- >21. (paraphrase: variance in altitude of ionosphere as observed through radio
- >transmissions cannot be explained by tidal forces)
-
- What does tide have to do with ionospheric effects? Solar radiation, yes.
-
- >22. The tails of the comets do not obey the principle of gravitation and are repelled by
- >the sun.
-
- He should read his own paper, item 17. The solar wind (streaming protons) combined
- with photonic pressure explain this phonomena quite well.
-
- >23. The change in the angular velocity of comets is not in accordance with the
- >theoretical computations based on the theory of gravitation.
-
- He refers to a german encyclopedia article. What is current data?
-
- >24.Meteors, after entering the terrestrial atmosphere at about 200km above the ground,
- >are violently displaced towards the east.
-
- What is he talking about?
-
- >25. As the principle of gravitation leaves no room for the participation of other forces
- >in the ordinary movements of the celestial mechanism...
-
- Sure it does. I'd be amazed at anything that claimed otherwise.
-
-
- email explainations appreciated. I'll include responses into this file.
-
- Thank you.
-
-
- James W. Meritt: m23364@mwunix.mitre.org - or - jmeritt@mitre.org
- The opinions above are mine. If anyone else wants to share them, fine.
- They may say so if they wish. The facts "belong" to noone and simply are.
- --
- James W. Meritt: m23364@mwunix.mitre.org - or - jmeritt@mitre.org
- The opinions above are mine. If anyone else wants to share them, fine.
- They may say so if they wish. The facts "belong" to noone and simply are.
-