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- Newsgroups: sci.military
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!hubcap!ncrcae!ncrhub2!ciss!law7!military
- From: Mike Campbell <mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz>
- Subject: Infantry in square
- Message-ID: <Bzs8Jo.KwM@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM>
- Sender: military@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM (Sci.Military Login)
- Organization: Me? Organized?
- Date: Thu, 24 Dec 1992 21:18:59 GMT
- Approved: military@law7.daytonoh.ncr.com
- Lines: 53
-
-
- From Mike Campbell <mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz>
-
- >
- > From Gary Coffman <emory!ke4zv!gary@gatech.edu>
- >
- > >From silber@cs.uiuc.edu
- > >
- > >I wonder what point of development anti-cavalry tactics were at
- > >this point in time. Weren't infantry still armed with matchlocks
- > >and pikes? Perhaps bayonets had just come into vogue and the square
- > >hadn't been perfected yet. Or perhaps the Austrians were taken by
- > >surprise and didn't have time to form square.
- >
- > The square was perfected by the Romans. With the advent of guns, the
- > square became less useful as a defensive formation. Even if the enemy
- > missed you, he was likely to hit your opposite number in the back.
- > That's one reason the line tactic was developed, to reduce the depth
- > of the target for musket fire and to allow all muskets to be mass
- > fired at the same target.
- >
- The Roman infantry didn't need to use squares against cavalry with the
- same urgency as musket armed infantry however! The musket/bayonet
- combination is not nearly as useful as the Pila/shield of the
- legionaires :-).
-
- Many nations used squares or the equivalent to defend with infantry
- against cavalry. The answer was, as you have pointed out, was to
- shoot them to death - as the French didn't do at Waterloo, and the
- English did at Falkirk (? - English/Welsh longbows against Scots
- schiltrons of spearmen). All the classic "squares" were rather
- immobile, due to the need to frequently dress ranks, and even at
- Waterloo the British knew that the corners were particularly weak.
-
- See John Keegan's "The face of battle" for an interesting analysis of
- the "dynamics" of infantry/cavalry fights.
-
- There were a number of recorded cases of squares being destroyed by
- cavalry - the Russian Chevalier Guard rode down formed French squares
- at Austerlitz in 1805 (1 French Regt - don't know how many squares),
- and a number od instances are recorded in the Penninsular - in one
- case a dead horse fell onto a square causing a gap which the rest of
- the cav took advantage of.
-
- At Quatre Bras, just before Waterloo the 42nd Highlanders formed a
- square with French Lancers on the inside!!! There can't have been too
- many of them tho' 'cos the Scotsmen killed them all. At the same
- battle the young Prince of Orange refused to allow his troops to form
- square and they got slaughtered.
- --
- Mike Campbell, Christchurch, New Zealand
- mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz
-
-