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- From: mrl@nerus.pfc.mit.edu
- Subject: Fibromyalgia patient guide.
- Message-ID: <30DEC92.01223905@nerus.pfc.mit.edu>
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- Organization: MIT PLASMA FUSION CENTER
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- Date: Wed, 30 Dec 1992 01:22:39 GMT
- Lines: 106
-
- From: "David A. Nye MD" <NYEDA@cnsvax.uwec.edu>
- Subject: Fibromyalgia patient information handout
-
- Fibromyalgia -- a guide for patients
-
-
- Fibromyalgia is a common and disabling disorder affecting one in
- 20 people, women more often than men. Despite the condition's
- frequency, the diagnosis is often missed. Patients with
- fibromyalgia usually ache all over, sleep poorly, are stiff on
- waking and feel tired all day. They are prone to headaches,
- dizziness, numbness and tingling, itching, facial rashes, fluid
- retention, crampy diarrhea and other symptoms. Fibromyalgia may
- be closely related to the chronic fatigue and irritable bowel
- syndromes. There are no reliable lab or x-ray abnormalities,
- but a physician can confirm the diagnosis by finding multiple
- tender points in characteristic locations.
-
- Fibromyalgia was originally thought to be a form of joint,
- muscle or tendon inflammation, but no evidence of inflammation
- or arthritis could be found. When it was noted to worsen with
- depression and stress, it was thought perhaps to be a
- psychiatric disorder. Many patients are still told that their
- symptoms are stress-related, but this appears not to be the
- true. Patients with fibromyalgia have been found to be no
- more depressed than patients with other chronic, painful,
- debilitating conditions. It is now believed to be due to an
- imbalance of chemicals in the brain associated with
- malfunctioning deep sleep. Abnormal brain waveforms have been
- found in deep sleep in some patients with fibromyalgia. The
- symptoms of fibromyalgia can be produced in normal volunteers by
- preventing them from getting any deep sleep for a few days.
-
- The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but a predisposition to it
- may be inherited. It often runs in families. It may lie
- dormant until something happens to disrupt sleep, such as
- increased stress, pain, swinging shifts, or having to get up
- with children. Sometimes just getting regular, adequate sleep
- again is enough to make the symptoms disappear. Usually
- however, additional treatment is needed.
-
- Amitriptyline (Elavil), a medication commonly used to treat
- depression, also helps fibromyalgia. It probably works by
- improving the quality and depth of deep sleep rather than by any
- effect on mood. When sleep is normalized, all of the other
- associated symptoms of fibromyalgia begin to improve. Patients
- taking amitriptyline usually don't note significant improvement
- until they are on enough to make them sleep through the night.
-
- Amitriptyline frequently produces mild side effects. An
- increase in sleepiness or dizziness should be expected when it
- is first taken. Starting at a low dose taken an hour or more
- before bedtime and increasing gradually helps minimize these
- initial side effects. Those patients who notice an initial
- stimulant effect of amitriptyline, perhaps with a rapid
- heartbeat, should take it earlier in the evening, so that this
- effect has given way to sedation by bedtime. By the end of two
- weeks, most patients are noticing that the side effects are
- settling down and the medication is beginning to help their
- fibromyalgia symptoms.
-
- Almost everyone on enough amitriptyline to help fibromyalgia
- gets a dry mouth and often some constipation. If these side
- effects are severe, another medication called Mestinon can be
- added to block them, generally with no other side effects of its
- own. Amitriptyline may cause a craving for sweets, although
- usually not for calories in other forms. I recommend you avoid
- sweets entirely while on amitriptyline to avoid weight gain.
-
- Daily, vigorous exercise is also important in the treatment of
- fibromyalgia. Exercise is more effective if done in the
- evening. Fifteen to thirty minutes of exercise is usually
- sufficient. The exercise seems not to work through conditioning
- of muscles but rather through a direct, possibly hormonal effect
- on sleep. Patients who have been exercising regularly and then
- miss a day usually find that their fibromyalgia symptoms are
- significantly worse the next day.
-
- The kind of exercise is unimportant as long as it is vigorous.
- Just make sure to pick something that doesn't increase your
- pain. The exercise should get your heart rate up and and make
- you get a little short of breath. Less than vigorous exercise
- provides no benefit and may actually make you feel worse. Be
- sure to warm up adequately with some stretches before starting
- to exercise to avoid injury.
-
- It is important to maintain a regular schedule of sufficient
- sleep. Avoid caffeine and alcohol in the evenings, both of
- which may disrupt sleep. Try not to exercise just before bed,
- as this may make it harder to fall asleep.
-
- Even with good results from treatment, brief relapses are common,
- often caused by temporary sleep disturbances, such as staying up
- as little as one hour late one evening, or skipping exercise.
- You will do best if you "give in to it" when this happens and
- try to get extra rest.
-
- Feel free to call us here at the office if problems develop,
- particularly if you are having significant problems with
- medication side effects.
-
- David A. Nye MD
- Midelfort Clinic
-
- Mark London
- MRL@NERUS.PFC.MIT.EDU
-