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- From: hrubin@pop.stat.purdue.edu (Herman Rubin)
- Subject: Probability of volunteered information is not known Was: Re: Marilyn Vos Savant's error?
- Message-ID: <C06DxC.Eot@mentor.cc.purdue.edu>
- Sender: news@mentor.cc.purdue.edu (USENET News)
- Organization: Purdue University Statistics Department
- References: <1992Dec15.052211.24395@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <1hvp6gINN9np@chnews.intel.com> <1992Dec31.203934.1@stsci.edu>
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- Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 12:41:36 GMT
- Lines: 46
-
- In article <1992Dec31.203934.1@stsci.edu> zellner@stsci.edu writes:
- >> 1) You meet a man on the street and ask him how many children he has.
- >> He replies "two, and one is a boy." What is the probability that
- >> his other child is also a boy?
-
- >> 2) You meet a man on the street and ask him how many children he has.
- >> He replies "two, and the older one is a boy." What is the
- >> probability that his other child is also a boy?
-
- >>The answer to problem 1 is 1/3, while the answer to problem 2 is 1/2.
-
- >> The answer to both is 1/2. One child whose gender is not known, and
- >> two choices for that gender. It's a 50-50 proposition.
-
- The first result for this is correct, BUT for the situation in which
- The scenario is as follows:
-
- Q1: How many children do you have?
-
- A2: Two.
-
- Q2a: Is one a boy?
-
- A2a: Yes.
-
- In this case the probability that the other child is a boy is 1/3.
-
- However, if
-
- Q2b: What is the sex of the older child?
-
- A2b: Male.
-
- In this case the probability (excluding twins) that the other is a boy is 1/2.
-
- However, if the result is volunteered, we need to know the probability,
- given the sexes of the children, that the information will be volunteered.
- That the information is volunteered, rather than given as the result of a
- question, makes quite a difference. This is the main reason why randomized
- experiments are performed.
-
- --
- Herman Rubin, Dept. of Statistics, Purdue Univ., West Lafayette IN47907-1399
- Phone: (317)494-6054
- hrubin@snap.stat.purdue.edu (Internet, bitnet)
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-