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- Xref: sparky sci.math:17566 rec.puzzles:8180
- Newsgroups: sci.math,rec.puzzles
- Path: sparky!uunet!gatech!destroyer!ncar!noao!stsci!scivax!zellner
- From: zellner@stsci.edu
- Subject: Re: Marilyn Vos Savant's error?
- Message-ID: <1992Dec31.203934.1@stsci.edu>
- Lines: 45
- Sender: news@stsci.edu
- Organization: Space Telescope Science Institute
- References: <1gj5grINNk05@crcnis1.unl.edu> <1992Dec15.012404.24027@galois.mit.edu> <1992Dec15.052211.24395@CSD-NewsHost.Stanford.EDU> <1hvp6gINN9np@chnews.intel.com>
- Distribution: na
- Date: Fri, 1 Jan 1993 01:39:34 GMT
-
- > 1) You meet a man on the street and ask him how many children he has.
- > He replies "two, and one is a boy." What is the probability that
- > his other child is also a boy?
- >
- > 2) You meet a man on the street and ask him how many children he has.
- > He replies "two, and the older one is a boy." What is the
- > probability that his other child is also a boy?
- >
- >The answer to problem 1 is 1/3, while the answer to problem 2 is 1/2.
-
- > The answer to both is 1/2. One child whose gender is not known, and
- > two choices for that gender. It's a 50-50 proposition.
-
- Nope. Let's re-phrase it a bit. Suppose the man says
-
- A. "I have two children, and one of them is right over there."
- or
- B. "I have two children, and the older one is right over there."
-
- You look and see a boy. What's the chances that they are both boys?
- Enumerate the cases:
-
- Boy - Boy
- Boy - Girl
- Girl- Boy
- Girl- Girl
-
- Each of those cases is assumed to have exactly the same frequency
- in the total of all two-children families.
-
- In case B you can rule out the latter two combinations, and you are
- left with probability 1/2. But in case A you can only rule out the
- fourth combination, and the probability is 1/3.
-
- Or toss two coins, a penny and a nickel. You look at the nickel
- only, and see a head. What's the probability that they are both
- heads? One half, of course. Likewise if you look at only the
- penny.
-
- But suppose someone else looks, and says "at least one of them
- is a head." Then the probability that BOTH are heads is 1/3.
- If you don't believe it, try a few hundred tosses.
-
- Cheers, Ben
-
-