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- From: jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez)
- Newsgroups: sci.math,rec.puzzles
- Subject: Re: Marilyn Vos Savant's error?
- Keywords: savant
- Message-ID: <1992Dec22.003623.6877@galois.mit.edu>
- Date: 22 Dec 92 00:36:23 GMT
- References: <1992Dec15.055832.26324@galois.mit.edu> <1992Dec17.041022.29031@thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu> <2B30BAC8.26585@news.service.uci.edu>
- Sender: news@galois.mit.edu
- Organization: MIT Department of Mathematics, Cambridge, MA
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- In article <2B30BAC8.26585@news.service.uci.edu> srw@horus.ps.uci.edu (Steven White) writes:
- >In article <1992Dec17.041022.29031@thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu>, mouse@thunder.mcrcim.mcgill.edu (der Mouse) writes:
- >|> In article <1992Dec15.055832.26324@galois.mit.edu>, jbaez@riesz.mit.edu (John C. Baez) writes:
- >|>
- >|> > 1) You draw 4 cards from a well-shuffled standard deck. You turn
- >|> > one over and it's an ace. What's the probability that they are
- >|> > all aces?
- >|>
- >|> There are 4! C(52,4) = 52!/48! = 6497400 sets of 4 cards you could
- >|> draw, counting different orders as different. In one case in 13 you'll
- >|> turn up an ace, for a total of 499800, while in only 24 cases are they
- >|> all aces. The answer to this question is therefore 24/499800, which is
- >|> 1 in 20825, or, to 20 places from dc, .00004801920768307322.
- >|>
- >|> > 2) You draw 4 cards from a well-shuffled standard deck. You turn
- >|> > one over and it's the ace of hearts. What's the probability
- >|> > that they are all aces?
- >|>
- >|> Of the 6497400 sets of 4 cards, in one case in 52 will you see the ace
- >|> of hearts, for a total of 124950. Again, 24 are all aces. The answer
- >|> is thus 24/124950, or 12/62475, about .00019207683073229291. This is
- >|> roughly four times as large as the previous answer.
- >|>
- >|> der Mouse
- >
- >No way for 2). 24 possibilites are all aces, but only 6 of those had the
- >ace of hearts as the first card. Thus 6/124950=1/20825, same as 1.
- >Its clear if you think about the questions a little more that 1 and
- >2 have to have the same answer.
-
- Steve's right. Let me do, out loud, the thinking Steve suggests.
- Suppose you draw four cards, turn one over, and its an ace. There are
- four cases - hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades. Let p_i be the
- probability that one has drawn 4 aces, *given* that the ith case has
- occured (i = hearts, diamonds, clubs, spades). By symmetry all p_i are
- equal, say p. Now turn to problem 1: one has drawn four cards, turned
- one over, and its an ace. The chance that the ith case has occured is
- 1/4, by symmetry. So the answer to problem 1 is p/4 + p/4 + p/4 + p/4 =
- p.
-
- Of course, its reasoning along these lines, but ERRONEOUS reasoning,
- that might make one suspect the answers to my "improved" pair of
- questions were also equal.
-