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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!ames!sgi!cdp!ei
- From: Essential Information <ei@igc.apc.org>
- Newsgroups: sci.energy
- Date: 31 Dec 92 13:54 PST
- Subject: Re: Energy Ideas - HVAC-2
- Sender: Notesfile to Usenet Gateway <notes@igc.apc.org>
- Message-ID: <1466300135@igc.apc.org>
- References: <1466300134@igc.apc.org>
- Nf-ID: #R:cdp:1466300134:cdp:1466300135:000:2948
- Nf-From: cdp.UUCP!ei Dec 31 13:54:00 1992
- Lines: 61
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- INTRODUCTION
-
- Concerted government purchases of energy-efficient and
- non-ozone-depleting air conditioning systems can accomplish two
- goals. First, these systems save money. Second, purchasing these
- systems accelerates the diffusion of safe cooling systems into
- the market, where they are desperately needed to minimize the
- environmental impact of our energy use.
-
- According to an article in the October 30, 1992 Los Angeles
- Times, the ozone hole over Antarctica stretches over nine million
- record-breaking square miles (three times the size of the
- continental United States), far enough to cover portions of
- Chile. In the Northern hemisphere, the ozone layer has diminished
- sharply over parts of Western Europe this year. In Oslo, Norway,
- ozone measurements fell below 50 percent of normal levels.
-
- The ozone layer blocks high-energy ultraviolet (UV) radiation
- emitted by the sun. The thinning of the ozone layer over the
- oceans can cause reduced reproductivity or death in several
- surface-dwelling organisms, phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish
- larvae, decimating the food chain. UV radiation has also been
- linked to skin cancer and suppression of the human immune system.
- According to the World Resources Institute, continued depletion
- of stratospheric ozone can significantly increase the incidence
- of skin cancer ~ perhaps as many as 12 million more cases in the
- United States over the next 50 years ~ and adversely affect
- agricultural production.
-
- Buildings and their air conditioning systems have been largely
- responsible for the loss of ozone. Until recently, these systems
- used chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chemicals whose thermodynamic
- properties and supposed non-toxicity make them ideal
- refrigerants. According to the National Audubon Society, nearly a
- quarter of all emitted CFCs originate in building air
- conditioning systems and the manufacturing processes used to make
- building materials. Once emitted, a CFC molecule travels to the
- atmosphere, where it can remain for over 100 years. Eventually,
- sunlight breaks apart the molecule, freeing a chlorine atom which
- destroys surrounding ozone molecules. Although industry has
- touted newer refrigerants such as hydrochlorofluorcarbons (HCFCs)
- as safer alternatives, these chemicals still release chlorine
- into the atmosphere.
-
- Air conditioning systems also affect the environment through
- their energy consumption. Inefficient systems result in excessive
- electricity consumption and contribute to the greenhouse effect,
- acid rain, urban smog and the generation of low-level radioactive
- waste. Inefficient systems also waste taxpayers~ money. The money
- spent powering a school~s inefficient cooling system could be
- spent instead on books.
-
- This issue of Energy Ideas discusses ways to improve the energy
- efficiency of air conditioning systems, from proper maintenance
- to installation of adjustable speed drives. It also addresses the
- alternatives to ozone-depleting cooling equipment.
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