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- From: kqb@cbnewsl.cb.att.com (kevin.q.brown)
- Subject: Re: Cryoprotectant Issues
- Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories
- Date: Wed, 23 Dec 1992 17:10:35 GMT
- Message-ID: <1992Dec23.171035.4159@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
- References: <1992Dec10.233615.18111@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> <1992Dec14.161201.25440@cbnewsl.cb.att.com> <1992Dec18.163721.22139@cbnewsl.cb.att.com>
- X-Crossposted-To: cryonics mailing list
- Lines: 78
-
- ------------------------ Forwarded Message ------------------------
-
- > Message-Subject: CRYONICS - Re: Gas perfusion
- > From: edgar@spectrx.Saigon.COM (Edgar W. Swank)
- > Date: Tue, 22 Dec 92 16:51:00 PST
-
- I'd like to thank Mike Darwin for publicly commenting on mine and
- Rich Schropel's ideas in CRYOMSG 1465.
-
- His very informative commentary prompts some further questions.
-
- I'm glad Mike has determined some candidates for "safe, nontoxic
- cooling fluids", Dow Corning polydimethylsiloxane 200 and FC-75.
-
- Are both these fluids miscible with water? If not, is there a
- problem using them to "wash out" water-based cryoprotective fluids?
- That is, are "pockets" of water-based fluids left inside the
- circulatory system?
-
- Are these fluids more volatile than water? Higher vapor pressures and
- lower boiling points at given ambient pressures? If so, then it seems
- that a good answer to the "short-circuit" problem when transiting to a
- gas would be to surround the subject with a (partial) vacuum. (note:
- keep circulatory system at same or only slightly higher pressure). At
- some pressure and temperature Y (below 0xC) organic fluid will
- vaporize and will easily mix with/be washed out by circulating helium.
- If organic fluid is more volatile than water, then this procedure
- should not result in excessive removel of (solid) water through
- sublimation (freeze drying). Once organic fluid is washed out, vacuum
- may be gradually released. Circulating He may then be used to cool
- all the way to LN2 temperature. Hopefully, since cooling is even, and
- strains can be absorbed by flexure of open circulatory system, gross
- fractures will be avoided.?
-
- Since circulatory system is clear, this process can be reversed in an
- attempt at revival. i.e., warm with circulating He to temp Y, apply
- vacuum, washout He with organic fluid vapor, release vacuum, vapor
- condenses (no bubbles), continue to warm via circulating organic fluid
- to above 0xC, washout organic fluid with water-based cryoprotectant,
- washout that with blood or blood substitute, etc, warm to 98.6xF and
- try rescucitation.
-
- The object is to try to use a clear circulatory system to duplicate
- what already works for single cells and early zygotes, which are
- routinely preserved in LN2 with good survival rates.
-
- I don't completely understand Mike's comment:
-
- As to going down to liquid nitrogen temperature, as far as I know
- there is no reason to do this. All the interesting events are
- over by - 80xC. Once you are down to -80xC, and certainly by the
- time you are at the glass transition point (TG) of the water
- cryoprotectant mixture you are using you can cool at as leisurely
- a rate as you like. Indeed, you may not want to cool much below
- TG unless you want the organ to fracture into pieces.
-
- The interest in LN2 is for long-term storage. Referring to Hugh
- Hixon's article from CRYOMSG 15, -80xC is clearly too warm for
- long-term storage (1 second of body temp decay takes 17 minutes).
-
- I would guess -164xC (L Methane) is the warmest useable (1 sec at body
- temp = 42 years) long-term storage temp. LN2 is overkill (24 Million
- yrs.), but is used because it's economical.
-
- This is not to say that a "round trip" suspension/revival to
- -80xC would not be a monumental accomplishment.
-
- I would guess that what you need that you don't already have to
- perform the above experiment is a vacuum chamber suitable for
- a cannulated small animal. Any idea what such a tool would cost?
-
- You didn't comment on use of trehalose as a water-based
- cryoprotectant. Seems to me this is worthy of investigation as
- it's likely to be less toxic than either glycerol or DMSO.
-
- --
- edgar@spectrx.saigon.com (Edgar W. Swank)
- SPECTROX SYSTEMS +1.408.252.1005 Silicon Valley, Ca
-