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- Newsgroups: sci.chem
- Path: sparky!uunet!caen!malgudi.oar.net!chemabs!jdh64
- From: jdh64@cas.org (Dave Huddle)
- Subject: Re: Left-handed sugar
- Message-ID: <1992Dec31.145240.29740@cas.org>
- Sender: usenet@cas.org
- Reply-To: jdh64@cas.org
- Organization: What, Me Organized?
- Date: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 14:52:40 GMT
- Lines: 113
-
-
- OK, It's time for me to jump in here on this discussion of Carbohydrate
- stereo/nomenclature!
-
-
- In article <dexter.725655833@aries>, dexter@aries.scs.uiuc.edu (The Gecko)
- writes:
- |> winalski@adserv.enet.dec.com (Paul S. Winalski) writes:
- |>
- |> >|>By using
- |> >|>the term "isomer" loosely, without defining whether you mean an anomer
- |> (alpha
- |> >|>or beta diastereomer, eg. alpha-D-glucopyranose vs.
- |> beta-D-glucopyranose),
- |> an
- |> >|>epimer (eg. D-glucose vs. D-mannose, or separately, D-glucose vs.
- |> L-glucose)
- |> >|>or an enantiomer, you confuse the argument.
- |>
- |> >BTW, I thought "epimer" referred to stereoisomers that differ around the
- |> >configuration of one carbon only, in which case D-glucose and L-glucose,
- |> >which are mirror images and thus differ at all 4 asymmetric carbons, cannot
- |> >be epimers.
-
- True, epimers differ at ONE chiral center. D-glucose and L-glucose are
- ENANTIOMERS.
-
- |>
- |> I'm pretty sure that the enantiomer of D-glucose is L-idose, ie. that
- |> the named designation of a monosaccharide is absolute, rather than relative
- |> to the D/L carbon. This would make D- and L-glucose epimers at C-5, all the
- |> other stereocentres being fixed.
-
-
- NO! D-glucose and L-idose are NOT ENANTIOMERS, they are EPIMERS at C-5. The
- terms "allo, altro, galacto, gluco, gulo, ido, manno, and talo" designate the
- RELATIVE stereo of aldohexoses having 4 chiral centers. The D/L designations
- denote the configuration of the highest numbered chiral center, i.e. C-5 for
- hexoses. In the D series, the 5-OH is on the RIGHT in a FISCHER projection.
- The 5-OH is on the left in a FISCHER projection for the L series. The
- following
- figures are shorthand for the 16 isomeric aldohexoses.
-
- o o o o o o o o
- |- -| -| |- |- -| |- -|
- |- -| |- -| -| |- |- -|
- |- -| |- -| |- -| -| |-
- |- -| |- -| |- -| |- -|
- | | | | | | | |
-
- D L D L D L D L
-
- allose altrose glucose gulose
-
-
- o o o o o o o o
- -| |- -| |- |- -| -| |-
- -| |- |- -| -| |- -| |-
- |- -| -| |- -| |- -| |-
- |- -| |- -| |- -| |- -|
- | | | | | | | |
-
- D L D L D L D L
-
- mannose idose galactose talose
-
- Thus D-allose is an epimer of D-altrose, D-glucose, D-gulose and L-talose;
- and the enantiomer of L-allose.
-
- In the pyranose forms, the ALPHA and BETA designations denote the relative
- stereo between the C-5 chiral center and the anomeric center. So
- alpha-D-allopyranose and alpha-L-allopyranose are enantiomers, but
- alpha-D-allopyranose and beta-D-allopyranose are epimers.
-
- CH2OH CH2OH
- | |
- C---O C---O C---O
- / \ HO /| \ OH / \ OH
- / \ |/ CH2OH \| / \|
- C C C C C C
- |\ /| \ OH HO / |\ /
- HO \ / OH \| |/ HO \ /
- C---C C---C C---C
- | | | |
- OH OH OH OH
-
- alpha-D-allopyranose alpha-L-allopyranose beta-D-allopyranose
-
- |>
- |>
- |> ie. H-C=O H-C=O
- |> | |
- |> H-C-OH H-C-OH
- |> | |
- |> HO-C-H HO-C-H
- |> | |
- |> H-C-OH H-C-OH
- |> | |
- |> H-C-OH HO-C-H
- |> | |
- |> H-CH-OH H-CH-OH
- |>
- |> D-glucose L-glucose
-
-
- This is L-idose (NOT L-glucose)
-
-
- -Dave Huddle jdh64@cas.org
-
-
-
-
-