home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!yale.edu!qt.cs.utexas.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!west.West.Sun.COM!smaug.West.Sun.COM!astro!richard
- From: Richard.Mathews@West.Sun.COM (Richard M. Mathews)
- Newsgroups: sci.astro
- Subject: Re: Solstice Question (simple)
- Date: 24 Dec 92 21:22:09 GMT
- Organization: Sunsoft Inc., Los Angeles, CA.
- Lines: 56
- Message-ID: <richard.725232129@astro>
- References: <7460063@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: astro
- Originator: richard@astro
-
- goris@hpfcso.FC.HP.COM (Andy Goris) writes:
-
- > As everyone knows, winter solstice is the day with the shortest time
- > between sun-rise and sun-set. However, it is neither the day
- > of latest sun-rise nor earlist sun-set. Why is this? I'm having
- > trouble picturing in my mind what happens as the earth rotates
- > around the sun, and how the tilt of the earth could cause this.
- > One of my coworkers believes the shift is caused by the fact the
- > earth is not in perfectly circular orbit around the sun. I can't
- > see how our elliptical orbit could cause this effect.
-
- The first thing to realize is the time at which the sun crosses the
- meridian is not constant. The rate of change of the time of sunset (or
- sunrise) is the rate of change of the time of the meridian crossing plus
- (or minus) one half of the rate of change of the length of the day. And
- in December, the rate of change of the time of the meridian crossing is
- faster than at any other time of year.
-
- > I believe the answer to this question would also explain that
- > photograph of the sun moving in a figure-8 pattern you see in S&T every
- > so often. It's a time exposure where, for one year, the shutter is
- > openened at the same time every day. I understand how the earths tilt
- > causes the up-down movement in the figure-8, but what causes the
- > left-right movement, and why does it have a period of twice/year?
-
- Exactly. Sometimes the sun is farther west and crosses the meridian
- earlier, and sometime is is farther east and crosses the meridian later.
- The reason for this is a combination of the sun moving faster along the
- ecliptic in winter than in summer because we are closer to the sun, and
- the projection of the sun's ecliptic motion onto the equator is greater
- at either solstice because (a) the motion is due west-east rather than
- at an angle as at the equinox and (b) the closer you are to a pole the
- more longitudinal lines you cross with the same motion.
-
- > Here's some other related questions:
-
- > 1. If you live on the equator, is the length of the day always ~12 hours?
-
- Yes, but the time of sunrise and the time of sunset both shift by +/- 15
- minutes. And due to refraction, the length of the day is a few minutes
- longer than 12 hours.
-
- > 2. If you live on the equator, do you really get effectively two
- > summers (when the sun is highest in the sky), that occur on the
- > two equinoxes?
-
- The difference in light energy received on the equator at an equinox
- (cos(0)=1.0) and the energy received at a solstice (cos(23 degrees)=.92)
- isn't all that significant. Compare that with the difference for me
- (latitude=34 degrees) of light received in summer (cos(34-23)=.98) and
- in winter (cos(34+23)=.55).
-
- Richard M. Mathews F oster
- E stonian-Latvian-Lithuanian
- Richard.Mathews@West.Sun.COM I ndependence and
- F reedom!
-