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- Newsgroups: rec.pyrotechnics
- Path: sparky!uunet!caen!mtu.edu!tceisele
- From: tceisele@mtu.edu (Eisele)
- Subject: Re: Hydrogen/Oxygen bombs with electrolysis
- Message-ID: <1992Dec31.214912.12287@mtu.edu>
- Organization: Michigan Technological University
- References: <C03G23.Bq@pcuf.fi>
- Date: Thu, 31 Dec 1992 21:49:12 GMT
- Lines: 116
-
- After reading Ari Jarmala's recipe for H-bombs, I thought it would be good
- to post my design for a chemical hydrogen generator (the purpose is
- different, with the chemical hydrogen being best for buoyancy, while Ari's
- electrolytic hydrogen will make a better bang :-) Anyway, here it is:
-
-
- Materials: Reactants--Sodium Hydroxide (Red Devil Lye is good) -2 parts
- Aluminum (Heavy aluminum foil, printer plates from
- the local newspaper, or shredded pop cans) -1 part
- Water (warm) -16 parts
- Parts--A reactor vessel. A piece of 4" (10 cm) diameter heavy-
- wall PVC pipe, with a flat end-cap on one end,
- and a screw-cap on the other, works nicely. A
- stainless-steel pressure cooker is also good.
- (one of those Bakelite microwave pressure cookers
- would be nice, too). Aluminum pressure-cookers
- are right out, for obvious reasons.
- Two lengths of PVC pipe (2" diameter or more, each
- about a foot long), with flat end-caps for the
- bottom of each, and screw-in plugs for the tops.
- Several feet of Tygon or vinyl tubing (about 1/4" to 1/2"
- diameter) and five matching brass hose-barbs (one
- outlet for the reactor, and an inlet
- and outlet for each small PVC pipe)
- A garbage bag, for collecting the gas
- A small pump, that can suck the hydrogen out of the
- garbage bag, and develop enough pressure to
- inflate a balloon. I use a small rubber-bulb
- balloon pump that is made for inflating those
- balloons that clowns twist into animals. A pump
- for a blood-pressure cuff would work good, too.
-
- Construction: First, make sure the reactor is gas-tight, or you are likely
- to lose a lot of gas later. Screw in the outlet barb, high enough that
- splashing liquid in the reactor isn't likely to reach it. A safety valve
- might also be a good idea (drilling another hole, and putting in a cork or
- a pressure-cooker safety valve, should do it). For the first small PVC pipe,
- put both the inlet and the
- outlet at the top (this pipe is to catch the slopover when the reactor boils
- over, which it will do if it is overloaded). The barbs can be screwed
- directly into holes drilled in the PVC pipe, and will make a good,
- gas-tight seal quite easily if the hole is just a touch smaller than the
- threads on the barb. Run a length of tubing from the reactor to
- the first pipe. For the second pipe, put the inlet at the bottom, and the
- outlet at the top (this pipe is a scrubber/chiller, to condense out the
- steam and scrub out the alkali vapors). Run another length of tubing from
- the first pipe to the bottom of the second pipe, and run another length
- from the top of the second pipe to the mouth of the garbage bag. Put the
- intake hose for the balloon pump into the mouth of the garbage bag as well,
- and tie off the bag tightly. So, you will have something like this:
-
- Reactor Trap Chiller Bag
- _________ ____ ____ __________________________
- | |______| |____ | |___________| |
- | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | | |
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | | | | \ /
- | | | | \_____| | \ /
- |_______| |____| |____| \_______/__pump>
-
- Operation: First, fill the chiller pipe about 1/3 full of cold water or
- crushed ice, and cap both it and the trap tightly. Then, add about 1 ounce of
- aluminum, 2 ounces of lye, and 16 ounces of warm water to the
- reactor, and quickly close
- the lid. It is a good idea to wear safety glasses while doing this,
- because sometimes the lye spatters. Now, just wait. The warmer the water
- is you start with, the faster things get going.
- The reaction will be really slow at first, but it will gradually
- heat itself, and take off about the time the water starts boiling. If you
- add more than about an ounce of aluminum to the reactor, the pressure
- will really ramp up, and a lot of boiling, caustic solution will boil over
- into the trap until so much water is lost that the reaction slows
- down, so don't get carried away. If you start with cold water in the
- reactor, you might have to wait 15-30 minutes, but if you start with hot tap
- water it will get going in about 5 minutes.
- An ounce of aluminum will make about 30 liters of hydrogen, or
- a little over a cubic foot. A liter of hydrogen has a little over a gram
- of buoyancy, and by an interesting coincidence, a 5" diameter balloon
- weighs about a gram, and holds about a liter, so any round balloon bigger
- than this will float very nicely for some time
- When the reaction stops, it is best to take the pot outside to dump
- it out, because when you open it the steam is pretty caustic, and chips of
- unreacted aluminum might plug your drain if you try to pour it down the
- kitchen sink.
- This is great fun at parties, and is not as dangerous as you might
- think, because it burns so fast that it doesn't have time to light anything
- else. The burning gas tends to rise up away from the furniture and family
- pets, and since it is pretty much pure hydrogen, it burns rather than
- exploding, so it has a really weak concussion. A small party balloon has no
- more of a blast than from, say, a small firecracker. If you are holding
- one in your hand when it is lit, it will burn all the hair off your hands
- and scare the hell out of everybody, but that's about it :-) It is still
- better just to use them for their buoyant qualities though, at least
- indoors.
- The only problem I have is this: After filling a garbage bag with
- hydrogen, the obvious thing to do is to let it go outside, at night, with a
- lit fuse. Unfortunately, cannon fuse just seems to melt a hole in the side
- of the gasbag without lighting it, because it doesn't burn with an open
- flame. Other things we've tried as fuse, like cotton string, won't stay lit
- on a free-floating balloon because the flame doesn't get enough fresh air.
- Anybody have any other suggestions?
-
-
- Tim Eisele
- tceisele@mtu.edu
-
- --
- ====================================
- Tim Eisele Michigan Tech. University tceisele@mtu.edu
-