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- Path: sparky!uunet!spool.mu.edu!uwm.edu!csd4.csd.uwm.edu!info-high-audio-request
- From: Richard D Pierce <DPierce@world.std.com>
- Newsgroups: rec.audio.high-end
- Subject: re: Amplifier slew rate
- Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1992 10:27:07 -0500 (EST)
- Organization: University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee
- Lines: 57
- Approved: tjk@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
- Message-ID: <1h4i0jINN8v7@uwm.edu>
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- Originator: tjk@csd4.csd.uwm.edu
-
-
- >When speaking about slew-rate, it is important to consider that the units
- >usually listed is Volts/microsecond.
-
- >The problem is that speakers are current-mode devices. WAIT - you say,
- >Ohm's Law says we can translate between the two, and that a large VOLTAGE
- >slew rate will obviously imply a large CURRENT slew rate. That would be
- >true for a constant, pure Ohmic load (signal into a perfect resistor), but
- >speakers are pretty-far removed from a pure Ohmic load. In fact, most of
- >them are reactive as hell - especially various planar driver types, but
- >good ol' EM cones can be pretty weird as well.
-
- Well, not exactly. The loudspeaker models prevelent today are based on
- models driven by voltage sources. They work exteremely well, so I would
- dispute the implication that the assumption is wrong.
-
- Further, the assertion that "they are reactive as hell" is false. First,
- the most reactive a speaker could ever possible get is either purely
- capacitive or purely inductive, with the result that the speaker would
- have no output (given that you cannot dissipate power into pure
- reactances). In any case, that would correspond to an impedance phase
- angle of +- 90 degrees as presented to the amplifier. I can confidently
- assert that no such speaker exists. The largest phase shift I have ever
- measured is about 60 degrees, and that was not even on an electrostatic or
- planar system, it was a strange crossover network in a system using fairly
- conventional drivers. Typically, you'll see no more than about +- 45
- degrees of phase shift worse case, implying rather unequivocably that
- overall the system is predominantly resistive in nature.
- into your speaker's drivers.
-
- >While voltage slew rate is an interesting parameter, and not without
- >considerable merit as a rough rule-of-thumb, it does NOT explain why one
- >amplifier will drive some speakers well and does poorly on others.
- >
- >The biggest problem is that the AC current transfer function is bitchin'
- >hard to measure, present, or interpret with any real-life signal. Swept
- >tones, or swept two-tone signals are about the only thing that I can see
- >how to measure.
- >
- >Anyone know of any published research in this are?
-
- THis subject was the favorite hobby horse of Matti Otala from Finland,
- inventor of the term "Transcient intermodulation distortion". Through the
- '70's and 80's he presented a series of articles describing these and
- related effects. The last thing I saw by him was the results of
- experiments he performed where he loaded real amplifiers with "real"
- simulated loudspeaker loads (which were actually fairly well done, if not
- suffereing from some sweeping oversimplifications) and watched what
- happened. My take on the results is that they were somewhat inconclusive.
-
- | Dick Pierce |
- | Loudspeaker and Software Consulting |
- | 17 Sartelle Street Pepperell, MA 01463 |
- | (508) 433-9183 (Voice and FAX) |
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