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- From: ask@cbnews.cb.att.com (Arthur S. Kamlet)
- Subject: Re: Stock terminology questions
- Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories, Columbus, Ohio
- Distribution: usa
- Date: Sun, 3 Jan 1993 21:29:53 GMT
- Message-ID: <1993Jan3.212953.912@cbnews.cb.att.com>
- Keywords: PE ratio, dividend, long-term implications
- References: <1993Jan3.201152.4025@netcom.com>
- Lines: 87
-
- In article <1993Jan3.201152.4025@netcom.com> hcb@netcom.com (H. C. Bowman) writes:
- >Let's say that company XYZ trades at $10. Let's also say that its
- >PE ratio at this price is 10, and that its yearly dividend is $1.
- >If I understand the significance of the PE ratio and the yearly
- >dividend, I conclude from this information that the company's profits
- >are passed on more-or-less completely to its shareholders.
-
- The simple answer is yes.
-
- The more complicated answer is to look at cash flow.
-
- "Earnings" is a term, a figure you can calculate. Many things can
- effect earnings which don't necessarily affect the cash flow or the
- health of the company.
-
- Let's say Wigits, Inc manufactures and sells wigits.
-
- If it decides some of its manufacturing equipment is obsolete and
- hasn't been used for a few months and will never really be used,
- it might decide to write off the undepreciated balance and take that
- charge against current earnings. Earnings will go down but cash
- flow might not be affected by the decision to write down this
- equipment. Its balance sheet might show lower debt and lower assets.
-
- So a decrease in earnings does not necessarily mean the company is
- any less healthy.
-
- >Now let's say that company XYZ still has the same share price and
- >PE ratio, but the dividend is now only $0.75. I conclude from this
- >information that the company is using 1/4th of its profits for...
- >well, something. (capital to expand, pay off debts, etc.?) Unless
- >I'm eager for maximum current income, I suppose I should view this
- >as a *good thing*, shouldn't I?
-
- The simple answer is again, yes.
-
- What the company is doing is saying to shareholders: We think we
- can do better for you by retaining some of our earnings than by
- paying them out in dividends.
-
- If the company is earning 9% on its shareholder equity, and it
- retains some of its earnings, it will have now increased its equity
- - all things being equal. It makes a commitment to shareholders
- that it will continue to earn at least 9% on both old equity and new
- equity due to retained earnings. Shareholders should expect it to
- earn that much. If expectations fall, the stock price might fall
- too.
-
- >Now, finally, let's say that the same company XYZ with the same
- >share price and same PE ratio is forking over $1.25 per year
- >in dividends. I take this to mean that the company is paying share-
- >holders something more than its profits, and that the extra $0.25
- >is coming from increased debts, operating capital, etc. Unless
- >I want to collect my dividend and get out quickly, I suppose I should
- >view this as a *bad thing* in general, shouldn't I?
-
- The simple answer doesn't usually work here.
-
- Again, look at cash flow and expected long term earnings.
-
- There could have been some extraordinary charge taken against
- earnings but if the company elects to pay its current dividend,
- that's often a sign of confidence.
-
- Two years ago AT&T took an enormous 4th quarter charge to account
- for reorganization expenses, so much so that it had negative
- earnings for that quarter! But it continued to pay its dividend,
- and today the stock is at an all-time high.
-
- However if a company is in real trouble, like GM was and might still
- be, it will cut its dividend as a signal for shareholders to lower
- their earnings expectations. If it keeps its dividend while
- earnings fall below that level, it should be sending a message of
- confidence.
-
- Some companies are strongly cyclical, and in some quarters it
- normally has earnings below its dividend, but more than makes that
- back in the good quarters.
-
- Finally, the level of dividend is often industry dependent.
- Food chains and restaurants, for example, will often have no or
- very small dividends, while utilities will often have high
- dividends. Years ago the auto industry would have above average
- dividends, and would often have an extra dividend at year end.
- Those were the old days.
- --
- Art Kamlet a_s_kamlet@att.com AT&T Bell Laboratories, Columbus
-