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- From: schindler@csa1.lbl.gov (AARON SCHINDLER)
- Newsgroups: misc.invest
- Subject: Re: What good is a non-deductible IRA?
- Date: 31 Dec 1992 00:43 PST
- Organization: Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory - Berkeley, CA, USA
- Lines: 75
- Distribution: usa
- Message-ID: <31DEC199200435030@csa1.lbl.gov>
- References: <ljuvr9INNofj@exodus.Eng.Sun.COM> <1992Dec31.010001.2364@cs.yale.edu>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: 128.3.254.196
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-
- In article <1992Dec31.010001.2364@cs.yale.edu>, blenko-tom@cs.yale.edu writes...
-
- >I am a student on a stipend and therefore see a lower tax
- >rate than if I were employed. Assuming that my tax rate
- >will by higher when I retire, it makes sense for me to
- >contribute to an IRA now and to take no deduction -- a good
- >part of the benefit arises from the differential in the
- >tax rate (between now and when I retire). I haven't worked
- >out the figures, but I suspect this becomes advantageous
- >even if I end up paying an early withdrawal penalty
- >(sometime after my tax rate goes up).
- >
- >I believe the same reasoning works for anyone who expects
- >there tax rate to be higher when they retire.
- >
- > Tom
-
- I have a gut feeling that you are wrong, Tom. Compounding is the eighth
- wonder of the world, after all. Let's work some numbers on this one.
- (Another "What if...")
-
- What if you are 25 years old now (A grad student age, approx.) and are in
- the 15% tax bracket. What if you get 15% return on your investment...
- (Average return of the stock market over the last few decades. And we can
- afford a little risk with a 30 year horizon.) And, just to be nasty, what if
- you are in an 80% tax bracket when you retire... (And you thought your children
- were going to pay off the national debt. :)
-
- PAY TAX NOW SCENARIO
-
- You start with $1. After paying 15% tax on it you put $0.85 into your IRA.
- 59.5-25 = 34.5 years later your $0.85 will compounded at 15% to $145.53.
- You can then withdraw it from your IRA and pay tax on it. Your cost basis
- is $.85. The tax you pay is ($145.53-.85)*.8 = 115.74. Your net return
- is $145.53-$115.74 = $29.79.
-
- PAY TAX AT RETIREMENT
-
- Again you start with $1. You put $1 into your IRA pretax. 34.5 years later
- your $1 has compounded at 15% to $171.21. You withdraw and pay tax. Now
- your cost basis is zero. Tax = $171.21*.8 = $136.97. Net return is
- $171.21-$136.97 = $34.24.
-
- CONCLUSION
-
- As you can see, even assuming a large differential in current tax rates
- versus retirement tax rates, you are still better off taking 35 years of
- compounding rather than a lower tax bracket.
-
- OPTIONAL (advanced) SECTION...
-
- As you can see, the opportunity cost for paying tax now was $0.15 compounding
- at 15% for 34.5 years. If Tom were going to fully fund his IRA in either
- case, his opportunity cost would be different. Do you see why? In that
- case his opportunity cost would be $0.15 compounding at (15%-current tax rate)
- for 34.5 years. This would lead to less of a difference between paying tax
- now or paying tax later, but I am confident Tom would still come out ahead
- by paying the tax when he retires.
-
- |=======================================================================|
- | Aaron Schindler Schindler@csa.lbl.gov |
- | |
- | "How I made my fortune? It was really quite simple. I bought an |
- | apple for five cents, spent the evening polishing it, and sold it the |
- | next day for 10 cents. With this I bought two apples, spent the |
- | evening polishing them, and sold them for 20 cents. And so it went |
- | until I had amassed $1.60. It was then that my wife's father died |
- | and left us a million dollars. --anon |
- |=======================================================================|
-
- p.s. Tom suspects that whether you take an early withdrawal from your IRA
- and have to pay a 10% penalty has some bearing on the decision whether to
- pay the tax now or at retirement. It doesn't. The penalty is the same as
- an additional 10% tax and the cost basis of this 10% tax is zero in both
- cases.
-