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- From: harelb@math.cornell.edu (Harel Barzilai)
- Subject: BOOK REVIEW: The Trilateral Commission
- Message-ID: <1993Jan3.061156.7985@mont.cs.missouri.edu>
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- Date: Sun, 3 Jan 1993 06:11:56 GMT
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- <*> Date: Mon, 28 Dec 1992 15:32:43 est
- <*> From: "Dale Wharton" <dale@dale.CAM.ORG>
- <*> Subject: Trilateralism (book review)
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- The Trilateral Commission stated that "The effective operation of
- a democratic political system usually requires some measure of
- apathy and noninvolvement on the part of some individuals and
- groups." "...secrecy and deception...are...inescapable attributes
- of...government." as it tried to "solve" the "crisis" caused by an
- "excess of democracy" in the 1960s
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- To the [Trilateral Commission], efforts at economic sovereignty
- and self-sufficiency are throwbacks--quaint obsolete customs that
- obstruct progress. It favours an international division of
- labour. How to explain the subtle interdependence of the
- industrial north with the third world? In 1991 business observer
- Doug Henwood tried: "...each member of the Triad has gathered
- under itself a handful of poor countries to act as sweatshops,
- plantations, and mines: the US has Latin America; the EC, Eastern
- and Southern Europe and Africa; and Japan, Southeast Asia."
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
-
- T R I L A T E R A L I S M
-
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
- edited by Holly Sklar (1949- ), "The Trilateral Commission and Elite
- Planning for World Management," 604 pp, bibliography, index. Montreal:
- Black Rose Books 1980, $20 --Dale Wharton, December 1992
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
- BROAD human interests are being served best in economic terms where
- free market forces are able to transcend national boundaries." Thus
- spake David Trismegistus (David thrice-greatest Rockefeller: scion of
- the house of Exxon, chair of Chase Manhattan Bank, comptroller of
- birthright billions in the trusts of kinfolk by the dozen).
- So saying, to extend those economic terms (and maybe augment
- family values?) David begot the Trilateral Commission (TC) in 1973.
- Today its three sides--Western Europe, North America (USA and Canada),
- and Japan--put forward about 310 members: "distinguished citizens with
- a variety of leadership responsibilities...." Of the last four US
- presidents-elect, three--Clinton, Bush, and Carter--are TC alumni. (A
- recent roll of North American membership follows the review.)
- In this reader 23 authors interpret origins, methods, and effects
- of the TC. They cast a whole new light on the American Century. After
- prolog and overview (including a 40-page who's who) the book breaks
- into eight sections. They focus on the tradition of corporate
- planning, the period after world war 2, TC's domestic imprint, placid
- governability or democracy (choose one), keeping the third world safe
- for business, economic nationalists v global corporations, challenges
- from within, and prospects. Separate chapters trace the TC's principal
- antecedents: the Council on Foreign Relations (at times more powerful
- than the Congress) and the Bilderberg Group (heard of it? It arranges
- policy decisions in private, offering them for national governments to
- ratify). The book's cover pictures planet Earth with bar code affixed.
-
- EVENTS of 1973 unnerved some members of the US Establishment. The
- executive branch of their government almost broke: Vice President
- Agnew felt obliged to resign, the Paris Vietnam Conference formalized
- the rout of US forces, Watergate began to drip on President Nixon.
- The "Nixon shocks" of 1971 had ended an era that began in 1944 at
- Bretton Woods NH--a golden age when goods, services, and money flowed
- unobstructed among nations. John Connally, Nixon's Secretary of the
- Treasury, electrified monetary systems by quitting the gold standard
- overnight. Then the US upset international trade by flouting GATT and
- raising a tariff against US imports. This active unilateralism by
- western/newmoney/cowboy/prussians left eastern/oldmoney/yankee/traders
- cold and nervous (would trade wars ensue?). To cap it, two legislators
- --Vance Hartke and James Burke--did more than whimper that liberal
- trade practices amounted to exporting American jobs. (It seemed to
- matter to them that the US faced its first trade deficit since 1893.)
- They sponsored bills in Congress to limit imports and to lift a tax
- exemption on US global corporations. This was a job for Superdave!
- Rockefeller liked a suggestion of Zbigniew Brzezinski (they both
- vacationed in Seal Harbor ME). Zbig taught at Columbia at the time.
- His idea was to strengthen ties among developed nations (except
- socialists, of course) with a series of tripartite studies.
- Participants would be the Brookings Institution, Japanese Economic
- Research Center, and European Community Institute of University
- Studies. In July 1972, 17 men--Brahmins, largely--gathered at
- Rockefeller's Pocantico Hills estate in suburban New York. They
- sketched the outlines of the TC. It would recruit from the usual
- channels of civil power (banks, corporations, governments) and
- influence (media, law firms, foundations, universities, thinktanks).
- A labour component would help control popular isolationism and reduce
- the distance separating Trilats from the masses of ordinary folk.
- The task of the first economic summit conference--Rambouillet
- 1975--was to put TC recommendations into effect, to implement policy
- at the highest level. What did (and do) they talk about? Ever the
- same: domestic economic policy, monetary arrangements, trade, energy,
- and north-south relations. G7 economic summits became a Directoire to
- which individual nation-states are largely subordinate. (According to
- a guest on CBC Newsworld, on 11 August 1992, 15 central banks
- intervened in currency markets to control a selloff of US dollars.)
- To the TC, efforts at economic sovereignty and self-sufficiency
- are throwbacks--quaint obsolete customs that obstruct progress. It
- favours an international division of labour. How to explain the
- subtle interdependence of the industrial north with the third world?
- In 1991 business observer Doug Henwood tried: "...each member of the
- Triad has gathered under itself a handful of poor countries to act as
- sweatshops, plantations, and mines: the US has Latin America; the EC,
- Eastern and Southern Europe and Africa; and Japan, Southeast Asia."
-
- ITS SPIRIT radiates from the pages of TC documents: "The public and
- leaders of most countries continue to live in a mental universe which
- no longer exists--a world of separate nations--and have...difficulties
- thinking in...global perspectives...." Foreign affairs generally seem
- beyond the grasp of the public and elective officials. Take the US
- Senate, as responsible a democratic legislature as one is likely to
- find. Did it not demonstrate opacity in rejecting first the League of
- Nations in 1920 and then the International Trade Organization in 1949?
- "The effective operation of a democratic political system usually
- requires some measure of apathy and noninvolvement on the part of some
- individuals and groups." "...secrecy and deception...are...inescapable
- attributes of...government." "The vulnerability of democratic
- government in the United States comes...from the internal dynamics of
- democracy itself in a highly educated, mobilized, and participant
- society." The crisis caused by an "excess of democracy" in the 1960s
- shows the wisdom of, for example, privatizing public entreprise and
- deregulating industry. How can one expect competence from hoi polloi?
- Reports of the TC annual meetings carry statements from task
- forces, addresses, etc, some jocular in tone. Paul Volcker, past chair
- of the US Federal Reserve Board, says yes, he opposes regional trading
- blocs, but for the US-Canada Free Trade Agreement he can rise above
- principle. Kazuo Chiba, past ambassador to the UK, chides the US for
- its war dances at GATT talks and worries aloud that "...Americans and
- Europeans will get together [there] and stab us in the back."
- "...maintaining the benefits of a global economy will require
- even more effort (after 1990) than in the past." World without end!
-
- ======================================================================
-
- The Trilateral Commission
-
- Founded in 1973, this private, nongovernment organization considers a
- wide range of subjects--the global economy, policy coordination,
- governability, etc. The roster of October 6, 1992 names 311 members
- from the three sides:
- Japan 81
- North America 94 *
- Europe 136
-
- "Europe" comprises Germany 23, England 21, Italy 20, France 18, Spain
- 15, Belgium 11, Netherlands 8, Ireland 6, Denmark 5, Portugal 4,
- Norway 3, Austria 1, and Luxembourg 1.
-
- * North American members (Canada 14, USA 80) may move among business,
- government, and academic posts. These tables identify only one
- interest and affiliation for each member.
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- C A N A D A
- BLACK Conrad M Media Chair/CEO, Hollinger Inc
- BOSLEY John Politics Member, House of Commons
- BOUEY Gerald K Finance Past governor, Bank of Canada
- COHEN Marshall A Industry Pres/CEO, The Molson Companies Ltd
- DEANS Ian Labour Public Service Staff Relations Board
- DOBELL Peter C Politics Parlmntry Centre for Foreign Affairs
- DROUIN Marie-Josee Ideas Exec dir, Hudson Institute of Canada
- EYTON J Trevor Industry President/CEO, Brascan Ltd
- FORTIER L Yves Law Partner, Ogilvy Renault
- GOTLIEB Allan E Politics Chair, Burson-Marsteller
- HENNIGAR David J Industry Chair, Crownx Inc
- MACLAREN Roy Politics Member, House of Commons
- SOUTHERN Ronald D Industry Chair/CEO, ATCO Ltd
- TURNER William I M Jr Finance Chair/CEO, Exsultate Inc
-
- Former members in public service
- MURRAY Lowell Government leader in the Senate
- WINEGARD William C Minister of State for Science and Technology
- ---------------------------------------------------------------------
- U S A
- ALLAIRE Paul A Industry Chair/CEO, Xerox Corp
- ALLISON Graham Ideas Faculty, Harvard University
- ANDREAS Dwayne O Food Chair/CEO, Archer Daniels Midland Co
- ARASKOG Rand V Industry Chair/CEO, ITT Corp
- BERGSTEN C Fred Ideas Dir, Inst for International Economcs
- BRADEMAS John Ideas Past president, New York University
- BROWN Harold Ideas Chair, Jhns Hpkins Foreign Plcy Inst
- BRZEZINSKI Zbigniew Ideas Faculty, Johns Hopkins University
- BURKE James E Industry Past CEO, Johnson & Johnson
- CALLOWAY D Wayne Food Chair/CEO, PepsiCo
- CARLUCCI Frank C Finance Vice Chair, The Carlyle Group
- CHAFEE John H Politics Senator from Rhode Island
- CLINTON Bill Politics Governor of Arkansas
- COHEN William S Politics Senator from Maine
- COLEMAN William T Jr Law Partner, O'Melveny & Myers
- CORRIGAN E Gerald Finance Pres, Federal Reserve Bank of NY
- CROWE William J Jr Politics Past chair, Joint Chiefs of Staff
- CURTIS Gerald L Ideas Faculty, Columbia University
- DEUTCH John M Ideas Faculty, MIT
- EINHORN Jessica P Finance Vice president, World Bank
- FEINSTEIN Dianne Politics Past mayor, San Franciso CA
- FELDSTEIN Martin S Ideas Faculty, Harvard University
- FOLEY Thomas S Politics Speaker, House of Representatives
- FRIEDMAN Stephen Finance Partner, Goldman, Sachs & Co
- GARDNER Richard N Ideas Faculty, Columbia University
- GERGEN David Media Ed-at-large, US News & World Report
- GERSTNER Louis V Jr Food Chair/CEO, RJR Nabisco Holding Corp
- GOLDSCHMIDT Neil Politics Past secy, Dept of Transportation
- GORMAN Joseph T Industry Chair/CEO, TRW Inc
- GRAHAM Katherine Media Chair, The Washington Post Co
- GREENBERG Maurice R Industry Chair/CEO, Americn Interntnl Grp Inc
- GUTFREUND John H Finance Past chair, Salomon Inc
- HAAS Robert D Industry Chair/CEO, Levi Strauss & Co
- HAMILTON Lee H Politics Member, House of Representatives
- HORMATS Robert D Finance Vice chair, Goldman Sachs Internatnl
- HOUGHTON James R Industry Chair/CEO, Corning Inc
- JOHNSON Samuel C Industry Chair/CEO, S C Johnson & Son Inc
- JOHNSON W Thomas Media President, CNN
- JORDAN Vernon C Law Partner, Akin, Gump, Strauss, &c
- KEOUGH Donald R Food President/CEO, The Coca-Cola Co
- KISSINGER Henry A Ideas Chair, Kissinger Associates Inc
- LABRECQUE Thomas G Finance Chair/CEO, The Chase Manhattan Bank
- LEACH Jim Politics Member, House of Representatives
- LEWIS Flora Media Columnist, The New York Times--Paris
- LORD Winston Politics Past ambassador to China
- MACMILLAN Whitney Food Chair/CEO, Cargill Inc
- MAZUR Jay Labour Pres, Internatnl Ladies' Garment W U
- MCNAMARA Robert S Finance Past president, World Bank
- MURRAY Allen E Industry Chair/CEO, Mobil Corp
- KEOHANE Nannerl O Ideas President, Wellesley College
- NYE Joseph S Jr Ideas Faculty, Harvard University
- OKSENBERG Michel Ideas President, East-West Center--Hawaii
- OWEN Henry Ideas Fellow, Brookings Institution
- PUTNAM Robert D Ideas Faculty, Harvard University
- RANGEL Charles B Politics Member, House of Representatives
- RAYMOND Lee R Industry President, Exxon Corp
- RIDGWAY Rozanne Politics Past ambassador to German Dem Rpblc
- ROBB Charles S Politics Senator from Virginia
- ROCKEFELLER David Ideas Founder, The Trilateral Commission
- ROCKEFELLER John D IV Politics Senator from West Virginia
- ROSOVSKY Henry Ideas Faculty, Harvard University
- ROTH William V Jr Politics Senator from Delaware
- RUCKELSHAUS William D Industry Chair/CEO, Browning-Ferris Indstries
- SHALALA Donna E Ideas Chancellor, University of Wisconsin
- SHANKER Albert Labour Pres, American Federatn of Teachers
- SCHULTZ George P Ideas Fellow, Hoover Institution
- SMITH Gerard C Politics Past ambas-at-large/nonproliferation
- SPERO Joan Edelman Finance Exec VP, American Express Co
- STERN Paula Politics President, The Stern Group
- STOCKMAN David Finance Partner, The Blackstone Group
- TALBOTT Strobe Media Editor-at-large, Time
- TARNOFF Peter Politics Pres, Council on Foreign Relations
- THUROW Lester C Ideas Faculty, MIT
- TUNG Ko-Yung Law Global Prctce Grp, O'Melveny & Myers
- VOLCKER Paul A Ideas Faculty, Princeton University
- WATTS Glenn E Labour Past pres, Communcatns Wrkrs America
- WENDT Henry Industry Chair, SmithKline Beecham
- WHITMAN Marina v N Ideas Faculty, University of Michigan
- WILLIAMS Karen Hastie Law Partner, Crowell & Moring
- WINTERS Robert C Finance Chair, Prudential Insurance Co
-
- Former members in public service
- BUSH George H W President of the United States
- DARMAN Richard C Director, Office of Management and Budget
- EAGLEBURGER Lawrence S Acting Secretary of State
- GREENSPAN Alan Chair, Board of Governors, Federal Reserve Sys
- HILLS Carla A Trade representative
- RICE Donald B Secretary of the Air Force
- SCOWCROFT Brent Asst to the Pres for National Security Affairs
-
- --Transcribed and edited by Dale Wharton
-