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- Path: sparky!uunet!think.com!spool.mu.edu!agate!chloroplast.Berkeley.EDU!timi
- From: timi@chloroplast.Berkeley.EDU ( Tim Ikeda)
- Newsgroups: k12.ed.science
- Subject: Re: Using animals for tests
- Date: 30 Dec 1992 03:09:55 GMT
- Organization: Plant Biology Dept., UC Berkeley.
- Lines: 48
- Sender: Tim Ikeda (timi@mendel.berkeley.edu)
- Message-ID: <1hr3u3INNfvh@agate.berkeley.edu>
- References: <32766.2B396F85@puddle.fidonet.org>
- NNTP-Posting-Host: chloroplast.berkeley.edu
-
- From: Alex.Kennedy@p0.f45.n342.z1.fidonet.org (Alex Kennedy)
- >Re: your stance on the testing of animals:
- > Although it is quite true that animals ARE nescessary to test
- >compound that may be potentially dangerous to humans, it is also true
- >that sophisticated computers and lab equipment have the potential to
- >simulate these tests, if only on simpler animals. A system which
- >preforms compound tests on frogs, I believe, already exists.
-
- In vitro results should ultimately be confirmed by in vivo testing.
- The accurate computer simulation of the chemical reactions which go
- on inside living organisms is at best a distant dream. Among the problems
- computer modelers have are:
- 1) The sheer number of reactions involved (A computational limitation).
- 2) The <mostly> unknown relationships between different tissues.
- (Different tissues can catalyze different reactions. Except in
- a few, highly-investigated cases, very little is known about
- how the different organs or tissues may effect the metabolism
- of a compound with respect to the *whole* organism.)
- 3) Enormous gaps in our understanding of regulation and feedback
- at multiple levels including; gene expression, control of
- enzyme activity, general metabolism, cell transport,
- cell-cell communication and least understood, regulation at
- the organismal level. We're also very limited in our
- understanding of response to environmental stimuli.
- 4) The vast unknown. One missing enzyme or parameter could invalidate
- the derived conclusions.
- Overall, we cannot accurately model what we do not know and metabolism
- is a very big, black box. Animals such as frogs are not as simple
- as one might think. Biologically-speaking, they have a complexity
- similar to our own. I suspect that the model system you describe is
- extremely limited in scope and predictive power. Bacteria, or even
- viruses, which one may think are orders of magnitude less complex will
- still defy computer modeling for quite some time.
-
- >Also, we must consider the importance of the compoud that we test- is the
- >compound we are testing important enough to kill a life, whether Homo
- >sapiens or any other? After all, we must remember that the fictional
- >character "Dr. Frankenstien" was a scientist also, who also believed
- >he was advanceing the human cause.
-
- You should note that the uses of animals in research extend beyond the
- testing of potentially hazardous chemicals. Researchers are also
- asking the fundamental questions about how living organisms work and
- interact. This knowledge is crucial not only for our own benefit but
- also for understanding how all life fits together.
-
- -Tim Ikeda
-
-