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- From: tdbear@dvorak.amd.com (Thomas D. Barrett)
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.intel
- Subject: Re: 486/66 .. Into a 486/50 motherboard?
- Message-ID: <1992Dec24.155355.21535@dvorak.amd.com>
- Date: 24 Dec 92 15:53:55 GMT
- References: <92351.46019.J056600@LMSC5.IS.LMSC.LOCKHEED.COM> <BzFnyr.IHI@wimsey.bc.ca>
- Organization: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.; Austin, Texas
- Lines: 48
-
- In article <BzFnyr.IHI@wimsey.bc.ca> sl@wimsey.bc.ca (Stuart Lynne) writes:
- >
- >With a properly designed board there will be no difference in bandwidth due
- >to changing between 33 & 50 Mhz. This assumes that the board is designed to
- >accomodate both speeds and the BIOS knows how to setup the RAM access wait
- >states properly for the oscillator speed and RAM speed.
-
- Actually... no. You did point out the main memory changes, but the
- VL-Bus or PCI-Bus will be running at a different rate. In the case of
- the 50, it might be at 50 or it might be a 25 (something to watch out
- for). With the 33, it will be 33.
-
- >Once it does this it makes no difference whether you are running 33 or 50. You
- >are accessing the RAM as fast as you can. The *only* way that there would be
- >a difference would be if your RAM was fast enough to run without wait states
- >with a 50Mhz clock.
-
- DRAM or SRAM? DRAM will run 0ws in page mode at 25MHz. The rule of
- finding out which is faster is to use (1/clock-speed) * (number of
- waitstates+2+n), where the clock speed is the memory controller clock
- and the number of waitstates is the number of memory waitstates and "n" is
- the fudge factor (0<=n<=1). The reason why it is the number of memory
- waitstates and the reason why there is a fudge factor is that some
- manufacturers operate a 50MHz DX on a 25MHz bus (which can wind up
- being slower than a DX2/50).
-
- >Since 20 nanosecond SRAM still needs wait states to run with 33 Mhz clock I
- >suspect it will be a while before DRAM gets fast enough to run with no
- >wait states at 50 Mhz :-)
-
- It depends on the design... 20ns SRAM can access data in 20ns. Since
- the 33MHz cycle time is a minimum of 60ns, this leaves 40ns for the
- address to propogate out of the cpu (~15ns), to be looked-up in the
- tag (~20ns) and enough ready setup time for the 486 (~5ns)... it's tight,
- but it can work. Some less expensive caches can't handle it and do
- have to use interleaving or adding of one waitstate.
-
- >Does anyone out there know how fast memory would have to be to be used without
- >wait states by a 50Mhz 486?
-
- If you mean SRAM... 20ns is plenty fast for the data for direct mapped
- caches. But, the tags need to be about 10ns :)
-
- --
- |Tom Barrett (TDBear), Sr. Engineer|tom.barrett@amd.com|v:512-462-6856 |
- |AMD PCD MS-520 | 5900 E. Ben White|Austin, TX 78741 |f:512-462-5155 |
- |"No is yes, And we're all free" |CO made a #2 no-no... PU! |
- |My views are my own and may not be the same as the company of origin |
-