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- From: pcg@aber.ac.uk (Piercarlo Grandi)
- Newsgroups: comp.fonts,gnu.misc.discuss
- Subject: Re: "Hinting" using antialiasing? A GNUish alternative...
- Message-ID: <PCG.92Dec27213908@decb.aber.ac.uk>
- Date: 27 Dec 92 21:39:08 GMT
- References: <1992Dec17.193208.11337@dircon.co.uk> <PCG.92Dec22183541@decb.aber.ac.uk>
- <freek.725305697@groucho.phil.ruu.nl>
- <1992Dec25.214916.10472@pasteur.Berkeley.EDU>
- Sender: news@aber.ac.uk (USENET news service)
- Reply-To: pcg@aber.ac.uk (Piercarlo Grandi)
- Organization: Prifysgol Cymru, Aberystwyth
- Lines: 85
- In-Reply-To: johnm@cory.Berkeley.EDU's message of 25 Dec 92 21: 49:16 GMT
- Nntp-Posting-Host: decb.aber.ac.uk
-
- On 25 Dec 92 21:49:16 GMT, johnm@cory.Berkeley.EDU (John D. Mitchell) said:
-
- johnm> The rasterizer is passing me things like "there's a line segment
- johnm> from point (x,y) to point (r,w)" and I can draw the line on the
- johnm> screen (or printer or plotter...).
-
- This is close enough: what actually the rasterizer gets told is not that
- there is a line/curve to draw, but more subtly that there is a countour
- to be filled.
-
- johnm> What's to stop me from optimizing the horizontal and vertical
- johnm> lines and then using an anti-aliasing line drawing routine for
- johnm> everything else?
-
- Nothing -- I just wonder why nobody does it for outline fonts too.
- Antialiasing is just as effective for outline fonts as for scaled
- bitmaps.
-
- Incidentally, if I remember well, in most/many windowing standards,
- fonts can only be bitmaps (two colors). I think that's unfortunately
- true of X11 too.
-
- johnm> At some point the choice to light a given pixel in the character
- johnm> box for the character over a pixel immediately adjacent becomes
- johnm> arbitrary due to the physical device resolution
-
- No, it is not arbitrary; if you do it arbitrarily then the bitmaps will
- look "bad", because our vision is very sensitive to regularity of shape,
- and other aspects of a character. Thus for example hints that ensure
- that two stems are the same width.
-
- johnm> (i.e., I don't understand how this 'intelligent' bitmap scaling
- johnm> filter system can produce output that is 'better' than hinted
- johnm> fonts).
-
- Not better looking, on looks I would think it would be equivalent or
- nearly so; but better in speed and non proprietariness.
-
- The argument is that manual hints are applied following an unconscious
- filtering algorithm over the bitmap, one that maintains the regularity
- of a character shape so that it looks nice. Now maybe a suitable
- filtering algorithm can be found that has largely the same properties as
- the unconscious one. There are moderately effective automatic hinting
- algorithms, but I hope that a filtering one can cope better, that is
- with greater generality, and reach nearly the quality of manual hinting
- of outlines (which in many cases amounts to hand tuning of the output
- bitmaps).
-
- I think it would be more general because I guess it could be patterned
- after the rather universal properties of human vision; instead some
- hinting systems are patterned after the features of latin glyphs, and do
- not adapt well to other styles of writing.
-
- I could imagine for example that the same or nearly the filtering
- algorithm that can be used to scale down a high resolution bitmap of a
- chinese ideogram while retaining it essential features is much the same
- as that for latin glyphs; moreover I think that storing ideograms as
- bitmaps is easier and smaller than outlining them...
-
- In a sense what I am really thinking is that after all a glyph is just
- an image, rather than a gemetric figure, and whether it is a pictogram,
- an ideogram or a character does not change the problem a lot.
-
- While the outlining+hinting solution really is about considering a glyph
- a geometric figure, that must be drawn on paper with different
- griddings.
-
- Well, I could add that I think that actually glyphs are a particular
- type of image, with more regular feature than a real-life scene, and
- with just two tones (even in pictograms color usually is only
- decorative), and these particularities could be exploited (and indeed
- are exploited in some laser printers with variable dot sizes that do
- antialiasing and smoothing of low resolution bitmaps, with good effect).
-
- My hunch is that scaling filters away high frequencies, and that a
- coarse lattice introduces a very specific type of noise, and that human
- vision is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in a character shape,
- and is also not equally sensitive to all aspects of a character shape
- (simmetry seems to be particularly important according to a bit of
- e-mail I have received; I will post a summary). I wish I knew more about
- signal/image processing and lattices.
- --
- Piercarlo Grandi, Dept of CS, PC/UW@Aberystwyth <pcg@aber.ac.uk>
- E l'italiano cantava, cantava. E le sue disperate invocazioni giunsero
- alle orecchie del suo divino protettore, il dio della barzelletta
-