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- From: freek@phil.ruu.nl (Freek Wiedijk)
- Subject: Re: "Hinting" using antialiasing? A GNUish alternative...
- Message-ID: <freek.725305697@groucho.phil.ruu.nl>
- Sender: news@phil.ruu.nl
- Nntp-Posting-Host: groucho.phil.ruu.nl
- Organization: Department of Philosophy, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands
- References: <PCG.92Dec13195105@aberdb.aber.ac.uk> <1992Dec17.193208.11337@dircon.co.uk> <PCG.92Dec22183541@decb.aber.ac.uk>
- Date: Fri, 25 Dec 1992 17:48:17 GMT
- Lines: 75
-
- Yet another follow-up to the same article... I _like_ this subject!
-
- pcg@aber.ac.uk (Piercarlo Grandi) writes:
- >
- >On 17 Dec 92 19:32:08 GMT, uad1077@dircon.co.uk (Ian Kemmish) said:
- >>
- >>The only real survey I saw done on anti-aliased text (John
- >>Amanatides? I'm not sure - I'll go and check)
- >>showed that prolonged viewing of anti-aliased text induced more
- >>eyestrain than decently tuned bilevel text.
- >
- >Ah, this is another matter entirely. If so, it's unfortunate.
-
- From Steward Brand's `the Media Lab', pages 170-172, reproduced without
- permission:
-
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- The Media Lab has in its history a fine example of wrong exploit-
- ing---an excellent, simple idea, instantly applicable, available free to
- anyone, that has sat on the shelf, in plain view of the world since 1971.
- Called Fuzzy Fonts, it is a cheap, easy way to have much higher
- resolution print on computer and TV screens. Negroponte: "It's not
- subtle. When you see it, you gasp." He's right. Characters on the screen
- look just beautiful, like on paper, and you can read them even if they're
- tiny. On a TV set ordinary fonts are usually presented forty characters
- on a line, maximum sixty characters. Fuzzy Font characters are still easy
- to read at eighty characters per line, and you can go up to 100.
- "Having to look at stairstep characters and jaggies should be against
- the law," declares Negroponte. "Aliased fonts should be an OSHA vi-
- olation." Aliased fonts are what you see on almost all computers. Each
- square pixel (picture elemnt) on the screen is either black or white:
- one information bit per pixel. The problems come when you're repre-
- senting a sloping line and you see a jagged edge instead, or the serif at
- the tail of a character is smaller than a pixel and it disappears entirely.
- "Anti-aliasing" smooths the jaggies by introducing a little gray in
- the right places. With two-bit pixels instad of one-bit you have the
- choice of black, white, or two shades of gray. That disappearing serif
- can be represented by a light gray pixel, and your eye reads it as a serif.
- It's cheap because doubling the resolution this way only doubles the cost,
- whereas doubling the resolution by increasing the number of pixels quad-
- ruples the cost---four jaggy one-bit pixels instead of one fuzzy two-bit
- pixel.
- Negroponte: "I personally have exposed tens of thousands of people
- to Fuzzy Fonts since Paula Mosaides---I remember her name because
- she was Greek---got us started with this back in 1971. The only semi-
- convincing argument against it I've heard is from people who claimed
- that the eye seeks out crisp edges, and if it encounters nothing but fuzzy
- edges it gets much more tired. That turned out to be wrong. Acuity is
- ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
- sharpness of the image; resolution is some measure of the finest level of
- detail that you can read. They are not the same at all. You can give up
- acuity and gain resolution.
- "Now, IBM ran an experiment where they presented the reader a
- page with a number of typographical errors in it, and the person was
- supposed to read the page and find the typographical errors. They would
- do it on paper, then do it on a screen with different errors but the same
- number of them. With a normal IBM or Macintosh screen they were
- something like 60 percent less efficient than on paper. Then they anti-
- aliased the fonts and put in the same kinds of errors, and people came
- up with 98 percent of the efficiency of paper. So Fuzzy Fonts on a screen
- are the closest approximation to paper in terms of your abitlity to read
- them."
- Another test had people bringing a line on a screen to just touching
- a circle on the screen. If the line and circle were anti-aliased with a little
- gray with two-bit pixels, the pople were twice as precise. It is not just
- an aesthetic effect. Fuzzy Fonts may be the Media Lab's single most
- proven commercial idea. Why it had to wait till 1987 to become a product
- is a mystery. (Apple finally introduced Fuzzy Fonts on their second-
- generation Macintosh computers in spring, 1987, followed by IBM.)
- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- Freek
- --
- Third theory of Phenomenal Dynamics: The difference between
- a symbol and an object is quantitative, not qualitative.
-