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- Path: sparky!uunet!paladin.american.edu!auvm!PSUORVM.BITNET!HJDM
- Message-ID: <QUALRS-L%92122701072023@UGA.CC.UGA.EDU>
- Newsgroups: bit.listserv.qualrs-l
- Date: Sat, 26 Dec 1992 22:05:17 PST
- Sender: Qualitative Research for the Human Sciences <QUALRS-L@UGA.BITNET>
- From: David Morgan <HJDM@PSUORVM.BITNET>
- Subject: Quant Journals, Pt. 1
- Lines: 107
-
- I hope after all the buildup that my actual advice on how to
- publish in journals that typically emphasize quantitative is not a
- letdown. It seems to me that two things are important in
- convincing reviewers for these journals. First, you have to show
- them that you take their research issues seriously; call this the
- rhetorical issue. Second, you need to convince them that your work
- was done in a careful and systematic manner; call this the
- reliability issue. To keep this discussion from getting too long,
- I'll cover the first of these issues here, and the second in a
- separate posting.
-
- Although we have been exchaning more opinions about the
- reliability issue, I am convinced that it is the rhetorical issue
- that matters more. That is, if the reviewers think that you have
- something new and useful to say about the issues that interest
- them, then they are going to be more accepting of your approach,
- whatever it is. Still, starting a paper by addressing someone
- else's central set of problems can be problematic for qualitative
- researchers.
-
- A key problem arises when we fundamentally disagree with the
- methods that others have used to pursue these questions in most of
- the previous literature. My advice would be to look beyond *how*
- people have done the past research and focus squarely on the
- questions that they are trying to answer. If you have something to
- say that amounts to new knowledge in this area, then your goal
- should be to introduce your research in a way that both takes the
- past history of the field seriously and makes appropriate promises
- about the new information that you can deliver.
-
- It should be obvious that the reviewers are likely to be senior
- scholars in the area you are addressing, so ignoring the past work
- in their field will land you in hot water immediately. I am
- arguing do *not* have to agree with these past directions, all you
- have to do is take them seriously. Even when you know that you are
- going to reach conclusions that are fundamentally different from
- previous approaches, don't *start* by rubbing their noses in it.
- You should concentrate on promoting the value of what you are
- doing, rather than tearing down what others have done (especially
- when doing it has helped them rise to the top of their particular
- heap).
-
- My favorite tactic is to phrase the issue in terms of a major
- mystery within the field as it now exists. First, find some
- favored hypothesis that has produced weak and inconsistent or even
- backwards results, and then promise to offer new insights into why
- this might be so. This amounts to targeting places where the
- quantitative paradigm has reached its limits, and then claiming
- that you can help them find new and more fruitful directions. My
- favorite review of an article that I wrote in this fashion was the
- survey researcher who stated that it was always interesting to
- find out what their respondents "were really thinking."
-
- By offering new insights, you can play to an implicit strength
- of qualitative research, as a high proportion of quantitative
- researchers feel that qualitative data is an excellent means of
- producing theory. (They may call this "generating new hypotheses,"
- but you don't have to call it that if doing so makes you
- uncomfortable.) Even in quantitative journals, the reviewers may
- be relatively open minded about a claim that qualitative data can
- produce innovative results. In any event, they more likely to
- believe this when you phrase your argument in terms of resolving
- their self-acknowledged problems, rather than attacking what they
- consider to be their solid findings. (Save this last for your
- discussion section, after you presumably have produced such solid
- evidence that they will now be prepared to rethink a few of their
- fundamental assumptions.)
-
- This general approach is most likely to create problems for
- those who emphasize the emergent properties of their data. In
- essence, this is asking these researchers to do their analysis in
- one fashion but to write up their report in another fashion. Is
- this really hypocritical? I think not, so long as you remain
- honest about how you actually did your analysis. I labeled this
- the rhetorical issue because what is really at stake here is the
- rhetorical stance that you take in the first few pages of the
- article. The goal should be to make it seem, from the reviewers'
- point of view, that *how* you did your research is really much
- less important than the fact that you have produced major new
- insights that their field really needs.
-
- Let me wrap up this first posting with some thoughts about why
- I am willing to do things this way. My personal point of view is
- that the social sciences are not likely to ever have a single
- methodology that is equally powerful and equally useful for all
- purposes. Although this means that our larger disciplines need to
- do a lot of different things, I also believe that we are better
- off if each individual researcher sticks to what she or he does
- best. This is not just because methods require specialization, but
- also because we need to develop a number of different points of
- view in order to study anything as complex as human social
- behavior.
-
- This puts a premium of being able to share different points of
- view. Right now, this is something that we are not very good at,
- but I think we know more about how to do this than we often admit.
- In particular, many of us claim to use a style of teaching that
- begins from where the students are, with the goal of leading them
- in the directions indicated by our hard earned knowledge, both
- personal and disciplinary. What I am advocating here is not so
- different. Thus the rhetorical issue that we face is how to
- capture the reviewers' interest by starting things that they want
- to know more about, even if the pursuit of this new knowledge
- leads them into territory where they would not ordinarily go.
-
-
- ==>David Morgan hjdm@PSUORVM
-