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- Path: sparky!uunet!comp.vuw.ac.nz!canterbury.ac.nz!equinox.gen.nz!equinox!aloysius!mike
- From: mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz (Mike Campbell)
- Newsgroups: alt.war
- Subject: Re: Infantry in square
- Distribution: world
- Message-ID: <725427456snx@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz>
- References: <Bzs8Jo.KwM@law7.DaytonOH.NCR.COM>
- Date: Sun, 27 Dec 92 03:37:36 GMT
- Organization: Me? Organized?
- Lines: 59
-
-
- Another thread from Sci.military which might be better off here.
-
-
- > From Mike Campbell <mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz>
- >
- > >
- > > From Gary Coffman <emory!ke4zv!gary@gatech.edu>
- > >
- > > >From silber@cs.uiuc.edu
- > > >
- > > >I wonder what point of development anti-cavalry tactics were at
- > > >this point in time. Weren't infantry still armed with matchlocks
- > > >and pikes? Perhaps bayonets had just come into vogue and the square
- > > >hadn't been perfected yet. Or perhaps the Austrians were taken by
- > > >surprise and didn't have time to form square.
- > >
- > > The square was perfected by the Romans. With the advent of guns, the
- > > square became less useful as a defensive formation. Even if the enemy
- > > missed you, he was likely to hit your opposite number in the back.
- > > That's one reason the line tactic was developed, to reduce the depth
- > > of the target for musket fire and to allow all muskets to be mass
- > > fired at the same target.
- > >
- > The Roman infantry didn't need to use squares against cavalry with the
- > same urgency as musket armed infantry however! The musket/bayonet
- > combination is not nearly as useful as the Pila/shield of the
- > legionaires :-).
- >
- > Many nations used squares or the equivalent to defend with infantry
- > against cavalry. The answer was, as you have pointed out, was to
- > shoot them to death - as the French didn't do at Waterloo, and the
- > English did at Falkirk (? - English/Welsh longbows against Scots
- > schiltrons of spearmen). All the classic "squares" were rather
- > immobile, due to the need to frequently dress ranks, and even at
- > Waterloo the British knew that the corners were particularly weak.
- >
- > See John Keegan's "The face of battle" for an interesting analysis of
- > the "dynamics" of infantry/cavalry fights.
- >
- > There were a number of recorded cases of squares being destroyed by
- > cavalry - the Russian Chevalier Guard rode down formed French squares
- > at Austerlitz in 1805 (1 French Regt - don't know how many squares),
- > and a number od instances are recorded in the Penninsular - in one
- > case a dead horse fell onto a square causing a gap which the rest of
- > the cav took advantage of.
- >
- > At Quatre Bras, just before Waterloo the 42nd Highlanders formed a
- > square with French Lancers on the inside!!! There can't have been too
- > many of them tho' 'cos the Scotsmen killed them all. At the same
- > battle the young Prince of Orange refused to allow his troops to form
- > square and they got slaughtered.
- > --
- > Mike Campbell, Christchurch, New Zealand
- > mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz
- >
- >
- Mike Campbell, Christchurch, New Zealand
- mike@aloysius.equinox.gen.nz
-