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- From: nate@psygate.psych.indiana.edu (Nathan Engle)
- Subject: Re: Columbus vs Indians (was Re: PC lives)
- Message-ID: <nate.988@psygate.psych.indiana.edu>
- Sender: news@usenet.ucs.indiana.edu (USENET News System)
- Nntp-Posting-Host: mushroom.psych.indiana.edu
- Organization: Psych Department, Indiana University
- References: <nate.982@psygate.psych.indiana.edu> <1hcbhkINNbbm@cronkite.Central.Sun.COM>
- Date: Thu, 24 Dec 1992 17:40:50 GMT
- Lines: 71
-
- dbernard@clesun.Central.Sun.COM (Dave Bernard) writes:
- >Nathan writes:
- >>>Are you saying that 95% of the American population was wiped out by
- >>>Smallpox? That seems incredibly high!
-
- >> Smallpox and a few others. Basically all those great Old World
- >>diseases like tuberculosis, plague, measles, mumps, malaria, and yellow
- >>fever.
-
- > Then it would seem that the surviving Indians today arose from
- > that 5%. What was the birthrate following the devastation, and
- > how quickly did the population figure grow?
-
- Unfortunately those numbers are very difficult to determine. The best
- surviving records from that time period are the diaries of Spanish
- missionaries, and they understandably concentrated on their own activities
- rather than those of the Indians.
-
- > I am even surprised
- > that the region of hunter/gatherer/farmers could support an
- > original population of 100,000,000.
-
- Your question was on the verge of answering itself. The chief clue
- is that the Incas, Mayas, and Aztecs were not hunter-gatherers. The Incas
- had some fairly sophistocated terraced irrigation techniques, and in
- general the cereal and tuber agricultural products (maize and yams, for
- the most part) in the New World yielded more nutrition per acre than
- anything that was known in the Old World except rice.
-
- >>>If Plague-suffering is so conducive to conversion, why didn't Europeans
- >>>convert en masse to whatever animistic religions were practiced by the
- >>>Central Asian nomads?
-
- >> Perhaps because the Mongols themselves weren't immune to the plague.
- >>The Mongols "inherited" their plague problems when they conquered vast
-
- > I see what you're saying, but the Europeans were certainly not
- > immune to any of those diseases, and succumbed in large numbers.
- > What I had, no doubt mistakenly, thought you were getting at is
- > that the Indians were somehow more-- gullible? superstitious?
- > simple?-- in being quick to adapt a new religion in those
- > circumstances than were Europeans.
-
- Well, in the case of smallpox the Europeans actually *were* immune
- for the most part since smallpox was endemic in their disease-ridden
- societies. Smallpox, cow pox, and chicken pox were childhood diseases
- to which people either developed immunity early in their lives or
- eventually succombed. Diseases like tuberculosis and typhus were certainly
- a problem; the first recorded cases of Typhus occurred in a Spanish army
- sometime during the 1490's and its spread across Europe was very nasty.
- So you're correct that Europeans still suffered greatly from disease, but
- the important thing to bear in mind is that most of that suffering was
- taking place where the Indians couldn't see it.
-
- > Incidentally, didn't the Spanish explorers bring back to Europe
- > various SDTs, with devastating results to Europe? The Europeans were
- > for centuries obsessed with inherited insanity, as depicted in Poe,
- > Byron, Ibsen-- because of their helplessness before syphilis.
-
- Yes, syphilis was definitely one of the less pleasant "discoveries"
- brought back from the New World, but it's overall impact on the already
- disease-ridden European societies was proportionately much less devastating
- than the impact of the whole littany of European diseases was on the natives
- of the New World. Ultimately the access to new and better food crops more
- than offset the negative population affects that were associated with
- syphilis.
-
- --
- Nathan Engle Software Juggler
- Psychology Department Indiana University
- nate@psygate.psych.indiana.edu nengle@copper.ucs.indiana.edu
-