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- From: SL500000@brownvm.brown.edu (Robert Mathiesen)
- Newsgroups: alt.magick
- Subject: Crowley and Gardner (was re: pentagrams)
- Date: Thu, 24 Dec 1992 08:36:20 EST
- Organization: Brown University - Providence, Rhode Island USA
- Lines: 41
- Message-ID: <1hcec3INNhgi@cat.cis.Brown.EDU>
- References: <1992Dec21.043151.9191@sol.ctr.columbia.edu> <JOSHUA.92Dec24014950@bailey.cpac.washington.edu>
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- Joshua Geller writes that Gerald Gardner hired Crowley to write the rituals
- of modern Wicca or Witchcraft. As a scholar working on the textual criti-
- cism of Gerald Gardner's original Book of Shadows, who moreover has already
- been given an opportunity to study Gardner's oldest manuscript of these
- texts (now in Toronto, and also studed by Aidan Kelly), I am able to say
- that about three-fourths of what is in the Toronto manuscript is directly
- copied from Crowley's *published* writings, chiefly the _Goetia_, _Book
- Four_ and _Magick in Theory and Practice_. This includes the Enochian
- material which Geller cites in his posting. All these texts have been
- lightly touched-up by adding references to witchcraft in interesting places.
-
- Had Crowley written such material for Gardner, he would have been more inven-
- tive. It is most unlikely that anyone would have paid him good money merely
- to extract appropriate materials from his own published works, when for this
- same money one might have gotten him to be really creative. At this point
- I would be inclined to doubt the truth even of a signed handwritten letter
- by Crowley himself saying in so many words that he had done such work for
- Gardner.
-
- More interestingly, one can show that the texts in Gardner's own
- _Book of Shadows_ are full of unacknowledged quotations from earlier
- occult publications of various ages, and NONE of these quotations are
- from any book published after 1929. Gardner himself claoims he was
- initiated in 1939, and I see no way he could easily have been initiated
- much earlier than that, from what is known of his career. The easiest
- conclusion one may draw is that Gardner's own _Book of Shadows_ is
- copied from the work of a predecessor active in the 1930's, and that
- this predecessor was the true "founder" (or "foundress") of modern
- Witchcraft. This "founder" was undoubtedly English, was well acquainted
- with some form of masonry and also with Theosophy, and had some interest
- in the kind of tantric materials being edited and translated by "Arthur
- Avalon" [John Woodruffe], possibly as a result of some years spent in
- India. This "founder," no doubt, belonged to the Coven into which
- Gardner was initiated in 1939. Since Gardner met this Coven in the
- context of a bunch of Theosophically-inclined Co-Masons headed by Annie
- Besant's daughter, I see no reason why the "founder" should not have
- belonged to that group of people. One such person, who clearly fits this
- profile, is Dorothy Clutterbuck; another would be "Brother Aureolis," who
- seems to have been the leader of the group.
-
- (Robert Mathiesen, Brown University, SL500000@BROWNVM)
-